The Pathogenesis of Chronic Subdural Hematomas: A Study on the Formation of Chronic Subdural Hematomas and Analysis of Computed Tomography Findings.

Background: The origin of chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH) and the pathophysiology of its enlargement remain unknown. The chemical fluid composition of CSDH, the contribution of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to its enlargement, and the relationship to its appearance on computed tomography (CT) also are not entirely clear.

Methods: In this prospective study, 58 samples in 41 patients treated surgically for CSDH were analyzed.

Catecholaminergic axonal varicosities appear to innervate growth hormone-releasing hormone-immunoreactive neurons in the human hypothalamus: the possible morphological substrate of the stress-suppressed growth.

Context: Stress is considered to be a major factor in the regulation of growth. Psychosocial dwarfism, characterized with short stature, delayed puberty, and depression, is typically preceded by psychological harassment or stressful environment. It has been observed that stress suppresses GH secretion, possibly via the attenuation of GHRH secretion.

A putative morphological substrate of the catecholamine-influenced neuropeptide Y (NPY) release in the human hypothalamus.

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide, which among others, plays a pivotal role in stress response. Although previous studies confirmed that NPY release is increased by stress in several species, the exact mechanism of the stress-induced NPY release has not been elucidated yet. In the present study, we examined, with morphological means, the possibility that catecholamines directly influence NPY release in the human hypothalamus.