No-Dose Photodynamic Therapy Against Half-Dose Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Introduction: This study aimed to describe the effects of no-dose full-fluence photodynamic therapy without verteporfin (no-dose PDT) and to compare no-dose PDT with half-dose verteporfin full-fluence photodynamic therapy (HDFF PDT) for managing chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC).

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 11 patients with chronic recurrent CSC treated with no-dose PDT between January 2019 and March 2022. Most of these patients were also treated with HDFF PDT a minimum of 3 months before and were considered as the control group.

LASER RESENSITIZATION OF MEDICALLY UNRESPONSIVE NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: Efficacy and Implications.

Purpose: Drug tolerance is the most common cause of treatment failure in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. "Low-intensity/high-density" subthreshold diode micropulse laser (SDM) has been reported effective for a number of retinal disorders without adverse effects. It has been proposed that SDM normalizes retinal pigment epithelial function.

Subthreshold diode micropulse laser photocoagulation (SDM) as invisible retinal phototherapy for diabetic macular edema: a review.

Purpose: To present the state-of-the-art of subthreshold diode laser micropulse photocoagulation (SDM) as invisible retinal phototherapy for diabetic macular edema (DME).

Method: To review the role and evolution of retinal laser treatment for DME.

Results: Thermal laser retinal photocoagulation has been the cornerstone of treatment for diabetic macular edema for over four decades.

Subthreshold diode laser micropulse photocoagulation for the treatment of diabetic macular edema.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a sight-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of visual loss in the working-age population in the industrialized and emerging world. The standard of care for DME is focal/grid laser photocoagulation, which is proven effective in reducing the risk of vision loss, but inherently destructive and associated with tissue damage and collateral effects. Subthreshold diode laser micropulse photocoagulation is a nondestructive tissue-sparing laser procedure, which, in randomized controlled trials for the treatment of DME, has been found equally effective as conventional photocoagulation.

Micropulsed diode laser therapy: evolution and clinical applications.

Many clinical trials have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of laser photocoagulation in the treatment of retinal vascular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy. There is, however, collateral iatrogenic retinal damage and functional loss after conventional laser treatment. Such side effects may occur even when the treatment is appropriately performed because of morphological damage caused by the visible endpoint, typically a whitening burn.

Laser-induced changes in intraretinal oxygen distribution in pigmented rabbits.

Purpose: To make the first measurements of intraretinal oxygen distribution and consumption after laser photocoagulation of the retina and to compare the efficiency of micropulsed (MP) and continuous wave (CW) laser delivery in achieving an oxygen benefit in the treated area.

Methods: Oxygen-sensitive microelectrodes were used to measure oxygen tension as a function of retinal depth before and after laser treatment in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, Dutch Belted rabbits (n = 11). Laser lesions were created by using a range of power levels from an 810-nm diode laser coupled with an operating microscope delivery system.

Evolution of retinal laser therapy: minimum intensity photocoagulation (MIP). Can the laser heal the retina without harming it?

Laser photocoagulation is a photo-thermal therapy validated by landmark studies and commonly accepted as the standard of care for various retinal diseases. Although its mechanism of action is still not completely understood, it is normally administered with visible endpoints, true intra-retinal burns that cause chorioretinal scars, which, with time, evolve into expanding areas of atrophy. New hypotheses on the mechanism of action of laser photocoagulation suggest that its therapeutic benefits derive from biologic activities that cannot be inducted within the "burned" area of photocoagulation necrosis, but that occur in the adjacent surrounding areas affected by a lower, sub-lethal, photo-thermal elevation.

Subthreshold and micropulse diode laser photocoagulation.

Retinal laser photocoagulation is a proven, effective treatment for various retinal disorders. Common clinical protocols use intra-operatively visible endpoints that cause iatrogenic chorioretinal damage. For this reason, laser therapy is normally limited to levels of disease severity for which the benefit-to-risk ratio justifies its application.

Monitoring retinal function during transpupillary thermotherapy for occult choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To use focal electroretinography to evaluate changes in retinal function during transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).

Methods: Sixteen eyes of 16 patients with ARMD with occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV) were studied. A 630-nm photocoagulator aiming beam was modified for use as a 41-Hz square-wave focal electroretinogram (fERG) stimulus.