Study of CP asymmetry in B^{0}-B[over ¯]^{0} mixing with inclusive dilepton events.

We present a measurement of the asymmetry A_{CP} between same-sign inclusive dilepton samples ℓ^{+}ℓ^{+} and ℓ^{-}ℓ^{-} (ℓ=e, μ) from semileptonic B decays in ϒ(4S)→BB[over ¯] events, using the complete data set recorded by the BABAR experiment near the ϒ(4S) resonance, corresponding to 471×10^{6} BB[over ¯] pairs. The asymmetry A_{CP} allows comparison between the mixing probabilities P(B[over ¯]^{0}→B^{0}) and P(B^{0}→B[over ¯]^{0}), and therefore probes CP and T violation. The result, A_{CP}=[-3.

Synthesis of the O-linked hexasaccharide containing β-D-Galp-(1→2)-D-Galf in Trypanosoma cruzi mucins. Differences on sialylation by trans-sialidase of the two constituent hexasaccharides.

The hexasaccharide β-D-Galp-(1→2)-[β-D-Galp-(1→3)]-β-D-Galp-(1→6)-[β-D-Galp(1→2)-β-D-Galf(1→4)]-D-GlcNAc (10) and its β-D-Galf-(1→2)-β-D-Galf containing isomer (7) are the largest carbohydrates in mucins of some strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. The terminal β-D-Galp units are sites of sialylation by the parasite trans-sialidase. Hexasaccharide 10 was chemically synthesized for the first time by a [3+3] nitrilium based convergent approach, using the trichloroacetimidate method of glycosylation.

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessments of 10 mg/kg tramadol intramuscular injection in yellow-bellied slider turtles (Trachemys scripta scripta).

In reptiles, administration of opioid drugs has yielded unexpected results with respect to analgesia. The aims of this study were to assess the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties of tramadol and its active metabolite M1 and to evaluate the effect of the renal portal system on the PK/PD parameters in yellow-bellied slider turtles. Turtles (n = 19) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, according to a masked, single-dose, four-treatment, unpaired, four-period crossover design.

First evidence that oligopyridines, α-helix foldamers, inhibit Mcl-1 and sensitize ovarian carcinoma cells to Bcl-xL-targeting strategies.

Apoptosis control defects such as the deregulation of Bcl-2 family member expression are frequently involved in chemoresistance. In ovarian carcinoma, we previously demonstrated that Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 cooperate to protect cancer cells against apoptosis and their concomitant inhibition leads to massive apoptosis even in the absence of chemotherapy. Whereas Bcl-xL inhibitors are now available, Mcl-1 inhibition, required to sensitize cells to Bcl-xL-targeting strategies, remains problematic.

Pharmacokinetic profiles of the analgesic flupirtine in dogs after the administration of four pharmaceutical formulations.

Objective: Flupirtine (FLU) is a non-opioid analgesic with no antipyretic or anti-inflammatory effects which is used in the treatment of pain in humans. There is a substantial body of evidence on the efficacy of FLU in humans but this is inadequate for the recommendation of its off-label use in veterinary clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of FLU after intravenous (IV), oral immediate release (POIR), oral prolonged release (POPR) and rectal (RC) administrations in healthy dogs.

Ultrafast Control and Rabi Oscillations of Polaritons.

We report the experimental observation and control of space and time-resolved light-matter Rabi oscillations in a microcavity. Our setup precision and the system coherence are so high that coherent control can be implemented with amplification or switching off of the oscillations and even erasing of the polariton density by optical pulses. The data are reproduced by a quantum optical model with excellent accuracy, providing new insights on the key components that rule the polariton dynamics.

Levodopa-induced dyskinesias are associated with transient down-regulation of cAMP and cGMP in the caudate-putamen of hemiparkinsonian rats: reduced synthesis or increased catabolism?

Second messenger cAMP and cGMP represent a key step in the action of dopamine that modulates directly or indirectly their synthesis. We aimed to verify whether levodopa-induced dyskinesias are associated with changes of the time course of levodopa/dopamine stimulated cAMP and cGMP levels, and/or with changes of their catabolism by phosphodiesterase activity in rats with experimental hemiparkinsonism. Microdialysis and tissue homogenates of the striatal tissues demonstrated that extracellular and intracellular cAMP/cGMP levels were lower in dyskinetic animals during the increasing phase of dyskinesias compared to eukinetic animals, but cAMP/cGMP levels increased in dyskinetic animals during the phase of decreasing and extinction of dyskinesias.

Search for a dark photon in e(+)e(-) collisions at BABAR.

Dark sectors charged under a new Abelian interaction have recently received much attention in the context of dark matter models. These models introduce a light new mediator, the so-called dark photon (A^{'}), connecting the dark sector to the standard model. We present a search for a dark photon in the reaction e^{+}e^{-}→γA^{'}, A^{'}→e^{+}e^{-}, μ^{+}μ^{-} using 514  fb^{-1} of data collected with the BABAR detector.

Influence of successive light-activation on degree of conversion and Knoop hardness of the first layered composite increment.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of light-activation of second, third and fourth increments on degree of conversion (DC) and microhardness (KHN) of the top (T) and bottom (B) surface of the first increment.

Materials And Methods: Forty samples (n = 5) were prepared. In groups 1-4, after each increment light-activation (multiple irradiation), T and B of the first increment were measured in DC and KHN.

Zaprinast impairs spatial memory by increasing PDE5 expression in the rat hippocampus.

In this work, we report the effect of post-training intraperitoneal administration of zaprinast on rat memory retention in the Morris water maze task that revealed a significant memory impairment at the intermediate dose of 10mg/kg. Zaprinast is capable of inhibiting both striatal and hippocampal PDE activity but to a different extent which is probably due to the different PDE isoforms expressed in these areas. To assess the possible involvement of cyclic nucleotides in rat memory impairment, we compared the effects obtained 30 min after the zaprinast injection with respect to 24h after injection by measuring both cyclic nucleotide levels and PDE activity.

A Rapid and Sensitive HPLC-Fluorescence Method for Determination of Mirtazapine and Its two Major Metabolites in Human Plasma.

A rapid and sensitive HPLC method has been developed for the quantification of mirtazapine (MRZ), a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic inhibitor antidepressant (NaSSA) and its two major metabolites N-desmethyl mirtazapine (NDM) and 8-hydroxymirtazapine (8-OHM) in human plasma. The separation was achieved using Chromolith C18 column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile: phosphate buffer (pH = 3, 20:80, v/v) in isocratic mode at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. A fluorescence detector was set at 290 and 350 nm for excitation and emission, respectively.

In-situ forming gel-like depot of a polyaspartamide-polylactide copolymer for once a week administration of sulpiride.

Objectives: An in-situ forming gel-like depot, prepared by using an appropriate polyaspartamide-polylactide graft copolymer, has been employed to release in a sustained way sulpiride.

Methods: α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-D,L-aspartamide-g-polylactic acid (PHEA-g-PLA) has been used as a polymer component. Its physicochemical properties make possible to dissolve it in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, with the obtainment of a solution able to form a gel-like depot once injected into a physiological medium.

Influence of the arm position in myocardial perfusion imaging acquisition.

Objective: despite the technologic advances in myocardial perfusion imaging, we keep using an uncomfortable and sometimes impracticable patient position - supine with arms raised above the head (U). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether perfusion and functional cardiac gated SPECT scan results of acquisition U are equivalent to another position modality: supine with arms down at the sides of the trunk (D).

Methods And Results: we performed U acquisition and in sequence D acquisition in 120 patients (pts) using a one-day MPI (rest-gated/stress), with 99mTc-sestamibi (370 MBq and 1110 MBq).

[Swan Ganz catheter. Experts opinion].

Investigators have raised doubts as to the safety of the Swan Ganz catheter (SGC). In order to define the point of view of cardiologists in our country, the Argentine Society of Cardiology's Emergency Council organized a meeting to analyze their views in different settings (non-cardiac surgery, cardiac surgery, acute coronary syndromes and heart failure) using the RAND-UCLA appropriateness method. A detailed review with the scientific evidence was sent to the experts in cardiology prior to the meeting in the SAC auditorium where the panellists selected the clinical variables create the specific situations.

Early postnatal rat ventricle resection leads to long-term preserved cardiac function despite tissue hypoperfusion.

One-day-old mice display a brief capacity for heart regeneration after apex resection. We sought to examine this response in a different model and to determine the impact of this early process on long-term tissue perfusion and overall cardiac function in response to stress. Apical resection of postnatal rats at day 1 (P1) and 7 (P7) rendered 18 ± 1.

Search for CP violation in B0-B0 mixing using partial reconstruction of B0→D*- Xℓ+ νℓ and a kaon tag.

We present results of a search for CP violation in B0- B0 mixing with the BABAR detector. We select a sample of B0→D*- Xℓ+ ν decays with a partial reconstruction method and use kaon tagging to assess the flavor of the other B meson in the event. We determine the CP violating asymmetry ACP≡[N(B0B0)-N(B0B0)]/[N(B0B0)+N(B0B0)]=(0.

Di-chlorido-(5,10,15,20-tetra-phenyl-porphyrinato-κ(4) N)anti-mony(V) hexa-chlorido-anti-monate(V).

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Sb(C44H28N4)Cl2][SbCl6], consists of one half of an anti-mony(V) tetra-phenyl-porphyrin complex cation and one half of an hexa-chlorido-anti-monate(V) anion. In the complex cation, the Sb(V) atom lies on an inversion center and is octa-hedrally coordinated by four N atoms from a macrocyclic tetra-phenyl-porphyrinate ligand and two chloride ions. The complex cation has approximately a planar core with a maximum deviation of 0.

The pharmacokinetics and in vitro/ex vivo cyclooxygenase selectivity of parecoxib and its active metabolite valdecoxib in cats.

Parecoxib (PX) is an injectable prodrug of valdecoxib (VX, which is a selective cyclo-oxyganase-2 (COX-2)) inhibitor licensed for humans. The aim of the present study was to evaluate pharmacokinetics and in vitro/ex vivo cyclooxygenase selectivity of PX and VX in cats. In a whole blood in vitro study, PX did not affect either COX enzymes whereas VX revealed a COX-2 selective inhibitory effect in feline whole blood.

Evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of cimicoxib in fasted and fed horses.

Aims: To determine the pharmacokinetics of cimicoxib and to assess the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) after a 5 mg/kg, single oral administration in horses that were fasted or fed.

Methods: The study was conducted using an open, single dose (5 mg/kg), two treatment (fasted and fed), two-period, crossover design with a 2-week interval between dosages. Six healthy mares received 5 mg/kg of cimicoxib via nasogastric tube after fasting for 12 hours, or 2 hours after feeding.

Transesophageal echocardiography as the sole guidance for occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus using a canine ductal occluder in dogs.

Background: Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is usually performed by fluoroscopy alone or together with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) guidance has been used for deployment of Amplatz Canine Ductal Occluder (ACDO), but sometimes is limited by suboptimal acoustic windows. Transesophageal echocardiography can overcome such issues and provides higher image resolution at the level of the great vessels.

Pharmacokinetic profiles of the analgesic drug flupirtine in cats.

Flupirtine (FLU) is a non-opioid analgesic drug with no antipyretic or antiphlogistic effects, used in the treatment of a wide range of pain states in human beings. There is a substantial body of evidence on the efficacy of FLU in humans but this is inadequate to recommend its off-label use in veterinary clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of FLU after IV and PO administration in healthy cats.

Carbohydrate PEGylation, an approach to improve pharmacological potency.

Conjugation with polyethylene glycol (PEG), known as PEGylation, has been widely used to improve the bioavailability of proteins and low molecular weight drugs. The covalent conjugation of PEG to the carbohydrate moiety of a protein has been mainly used to enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of the attached protein while yielding a more defined product. Thus, glycoPEGylation was successfully applied to the introduction of a PEGylated sialic acid to a preexisting or enzymatically linked glycan in a protein.

Influence of softening test and light-activation protocols on resin composite polymer structure.

Objective: This study analyzed the influences of the light-activation protocol and softening test on the degree of conversion (DC) and Knoop Hardness (KHN) of a microhybrid resin composite.

Materials And Methods: Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE) was light-activated with a third-generation light-emitting diode (Valo Ultradent) by three protocols - standard, high power, and plasma emulation - or with a quartz-tungsten halogen XL 3000 (3M ESPE) in conventional mode. All modes were set to deliver 19 J/cm(2).