Physical Activity and Exercise Addiction During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Italy.

Severe restrictive measures were implemented globally to limit the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic leading to significant lifestyle changes and impacting on both the physical and the mental health of citizens. Caught by the fear of getting sick, some individuals have adopted behaviors which favored the development of exercise addiction (EA). Our aim was to evaluate physical activity habits and the risk of EA in the general Italian population during phase 1 of the lockdown.

Methodology to evaluate stress corrosion cracking in ethanol environments, applied to circumferential welds on API 5 L steel pipelines.

This work presents an experimental methodology developed to perform fatigue crack growth (FCG) and slow strain rate (SSR) tests in ethanol environments aiming to evaluate stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of circumferential welds on steel pipelines. FCG and SSR specimens were machined from a welded pipe and the notches were properly designed to promote crack propagation in the different regions of the weld. Tests were carried out keeping the crack-tip region fully immersed in an ethanol solution, which was fueled by a circulation system to ensure replenishment and aeration throughout the test.

Exploring the Relationship Between Mental Well-Being, Exercise Routines, and the Intake of Image and Performance Enhancing Drugs During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Comparison Across Sport Disciplines.

Physical distancing under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a significant impact on lifestyles, including exercise routines. In this study, we examined the relationship between mental health and addictive behaviors, such as excessive exercise and the use of image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) across 12 sport disciplines. A large cross-sectional sample of the adult population ( = 2,295) was surveyed.

Facing the "new normal": How adjusting to the easing of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions exposes mental health inequalities.

Background: Re-establishing societal norms in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic will be important for restoring public mental health and psychosocial wellbeing as well as economic recovery. We investigated the impact on post-pandemic adjustment of a history of mental disorder, with particular reference to obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms or traits.

Methods: The study was pre-registered (Open Science Framework; https://osf.

Sleep-wake cycle disturbances and NeuN-altered expression in adult rats after cannabidiol treatments during adolescence.

Rationale: The medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD), a constituent of the Cannabis sativa, have accelerated the legal and social acceptance for CBD-based medications but has also given the momentum for questioning whether the long-term use of CBD during the early years of life may induce adverse neurobiological effects in adulthood, including sleep disturbances. Given the critical window for neuroplasticity and neuro-functional changes that occur during stages of adolescence, we hypothesized that CBD might influence the sleep-wake cycle in adult rats after their exposure to CBD during the adolescence.

Objectives: Here, we investigated the effects upon behavior and neural activity in adulthood after long-term administrations of CBD in juvenile rats.

Rostro-caudal Connectional Heterogeneity of the Dorsal Part of the Macaque Prefrontal Area 46.

Based on neural tracer injections we found evidence for 3 connectionally distinct sectors of the dorsal part of the macaque prefrontal area 46 (46d), located at different rostro-caudal levels. Specifically, a rostral sector displayed an almost exclusive and extensive intraprefrontal connectivity and extraprefrontal connections limited to superior temporal areas and the caudal cingulate area 31. Conversely, both a middle and a caudal sector were characterized by robust, topographically organized connections with parietal and frontal sensorimotor areas.

Multimodal Encoding of Goal-Directed Actions in Monkey Ventral Premotor Grasping Neurons.

Visuo-motor neurons of the ventral premotor area F5 encode "pragmatic" representations of object in terms of the potential motor acts (e.g., precision grip) afforded by it.

Processing and Integration of Contextual Information in Monkey Ventrolateral Prefrontal Neurons during Selection and Execution of Goal-Directed Manipulative Actions.

Unlabelled: The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is deemed to underlie the complexity, flexibility, and goal-directedness of primates' behavior. Most neurophysiological studies performed so far investigated PFC functions with arm-reaching or oculomotor tasks, thus leaving unclear whether, and to which extent, PFC neurons also play a role in goal-directed manipulative actions, such as those commonly used by primates during most of their daily activities. Here we trained two macaques to perform or withhold grasp-to-eat and grasp-to-place actions, depending on the combination of two subsequently presented cues: an auditory go/no-go cue (high/low tone) and a visually presented target (food/object).

[Diabetes and celiac disease: a study related to the association of the two pathologies].

In subjects afflicted with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, celiac disease is more diffuse than in normal people. The study has been done to a group of 93 diabetic children and teenagers who had undergone determination of antigliadine and antiendomysial antibodies. In the study the result of the celiac disease exceeds the data reported in the literature.

Spinal cavernous angioma producing subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case report.

A case of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to intramedullary cavernous angioma at the T9 level is presented. Literature dealing with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to intraspinal lesions is reviewed. The majority of cases of spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage are due to arteriovenous malformations, whereas bleeding by cavernous angioma is extremely rare.

[2 cases of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis located in the mastoid].

The authors report two cases of eosinophilic granuloma (histiocytosis X) located on the mastoid, position more or less rare and similar to other kinds of pathology. The authors discuss the problems of the nosologic position of "histiocytosis X", the problems of etiopathology, the variety of symptoms and the complications. The many possibilities of therapy (surgical, radiant and chemotherapeutic) will be examined.

[Dilated cardiomyopathy in infants. Report of a clinical case with particularly favorable outcome].

Dilated cardiomyopathy has a poor prognosis in infants and children. We report the favourable long term outcome of a case of dilated cardiomyopathy discovered at age seven months. The knowledge of natural history of these patients is very important to develop predictive indexes to select patients who might respond to medical management and those who might be suitable candidates for cardiac transplantation.

Gerstmann syndrome: a case report.

A case of Gerstmann syndrome following a trauma is presented. After one month the patient showed the four symptoms of the Gerstmann syndrome associated with slight visual memory and constructional praxis deficits. Eight months later, however, he showed only dyscalculia, dysgraphia, right-left disorientation and finger agnosia, in accordance with selective damage of the left angular gyrus revealed by CT scan.

[Meckel's diverticulum: the usefulness of 99m Tc pertechnetate scintigraphy].

The paper discusses the utility and appropriateness of instrumental tests (in particular scintigraphic detection) which are regularly used for the preoperative diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum. The case is reported of a 9-month-old infant affected by severe recidivating attacks of melena in whom the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum was delayed by the repeated negativity of instrumental tests.