Air in gallbladder: Emphysematous cholecystitis or else?

Gas in gallstones represents a rare but well described radiological finding. Other causes of gas in gallbladder include biliary-enteric fistula, sphincterotomy, gas forming organisms cholangitis. However, gas in gallbladder raises suspicion of emphysematous cholecystitis which necessitates prompt diagnosis and management due to its rapid clinical course and high mortality rate.

The value of the intraoperative assessment of the SLN via frozen section in the post Z0011 era.

Introduction: Sentinel node (SN) assessment via frozen section (FS) has declined since the publication of Z0011 which modified the management of a specific group of patients with positive SN. The risk of misleading the surgeons to a preventable ALND and the cost are among the main factors for that. The aim of our study is to assess the value of FS in the post Z0011.

The Impact of Educational Status on the Postoperative Perception of Pain.

Background: Postoperative (PO) pain interferes with the recovery and mobilization of the surgical patients. The impact of the educational status has not been studied adequately up to now.

Methods: This prospective study involved 400 consecutive general surgery patients.