Global epidemiology of acute kidney injury in hospitalised patients with decompensated cirrhosis: the International Club of Ascites GLOBAL AKI prospective, multicentre, cohort study.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication of cirrhosis. A systematic, global characterisation of AKI occurring in patients with cirrhosis is lacking. We therefore aimed to assess global differences in the characteristics, management, and outcomes of AKI in hospitalised patients with cirrhosis.

End-procedural adherence to recommended hemodynamic targets does not improve the outcome of elective TIPS in patients with cirrhosis.

Background And Aims: In clinical practice, the reduction of portocaval pressure gradient (PCPG) following TIPS does not always meet the recommendation of current guidance. We evaluated the impact of different degrees of PCPG reduction, measured at the end of an elective TIPS, on ascites control, recurrence of portal hypertension-related bleeding (PHRB), and survival.

Approach And Results: Patients with cirrhosis receiving TIPS for refractory ascites (RA) or for the secondary prophylaxis of PHRB were consecutively enrolled.

Real-world experience with long-term albumin in patients with cirrhosis and ascites.

Background & Aims: Long-term albumin (LTA) is currently standard of care for patients with decompensated cirrhosis in many Italian hepatology centres. In this real-life study, we aimed to describe patient, logistical and treatment-related characteristics in daily clinical practice and to identify predictors of response.

Methods: We performed a multicentre, retrospective, observational study in patients with cirrhosis and ascites receiving LTA between 01/2016 and 02/2022 and followed until death, TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt) placement, transplantation or 02/2023.

Dopamine and Citicoline-Co-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Multifunctional Nanomedicines for Parkinson's Disease Treatment by Intranasal Administration.

This work aimed to evaluate the potential of the nanosystems constituted by dopamine (DA) and the antioxidant Citicoline (CIT) co-loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for intranasal administration in the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD). Such nanosystems, denoted as DA-CIT-SLNs, were designed according to the concept of multifunctional nanomedicine where multiple biological roles are combined into a single nanocarrier and prepared by the melt emulsification method employing the self-emulsifying Gelucire 50/13 as lipid matrix. The resulting DA-CIT-SLNs were characterized regarding particle size, surface charge, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, and physical stability.

Irisin prevents trabecular bone damage and tumor invasion in a mouse model of multiple myeloma.

Bone disease associated with multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by osteolytic lesions and pathological fractures, which remain a therapeutic priority despite new drugs improving MM patient survival. Antiresorptive molecules represent the main option for the treatment of MM-associated bone disease (MMBD), whereas osteoanabolic molecules are under investigation. Among these latter, we here focused on the myokine irisin, which is able to enhance bone mass in healthy mice, prevent bone loss in osteoporotic mouse models, and accelerate fracture healing in mice.

Expanding the genetics and phenotypes of ocular congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders.

Purpose: To identify genetic etiologies and genotype/phenotype associations for unsolved ocular congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (oCCDDs).

Methods: We coupled phenotyping with exome or genome sequencing of 467 pedigrees with genetically unsolved oCCDDs, integrating analyses of pedigrees, human and animal model phenotypes, and variants to identify rare candidate single nucleotide variants, insertion/deletions, and structural variants disrupting protein-coding regions. Prioritized variants were classified for pathogenicity and evaluated for genotype/phenotype correlations.

(Tomato)-Derived Nanovesicles Accelerate Wound Healing by Eliciting the Migration of Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts.

Plant-derived nanovesicles have been considered interesting in medicine for their breakthrough biological effects, including those relevant to wound healing. However, tomato-derived nanovesicles (TDNVs) have not been studied for their effects on wound closure yet. TDNVs were isolated from (var.

Efficacy of Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor on chronic rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis.

Purpose: Our work aims to add evidence on the effectiveness of Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor on chronic rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis.

Materials And Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study at the Cystic Fibrosis Center of a tertiary care hospital to investigate the effect of Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor on chronic rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis patients, aged 12 or older. The study's endpoints were the change in the occurrence of acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis, and the variation of the endoscopic and radiologic findings scored using the Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scale, Lund-Mackay, and modified Lund-Mackay radiologic scales, in patients who underwent both pre-treatment and post-treatment examinations.

Mucus Structure, Viscoelastic Properties, and Composition in Chronic Respiratory Diseases.

The respiratory mucus, a viscoelastic gel, effectuates a primary line of the airway defense when operated by the mucociliary clearance. In chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF), the mucus is overproduced and its solid content augments, changing its structure and viscoelastic properties and determining a derangement of essential defense mechanisms against opportunistic microbial (virus and bacteria) pathogens. This ensues in damaging of the airways, leading to a vicious cycle of obstruction and infection responsible for the harsh clinical evolution of these CRDs.

The Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy from Ward to Domiciliary Care: Current Evidence and Gray Areas.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication of advanced liver disease and acute liver failure. It is a condition that features several neuropsychiatric symptoms that affect mortality, morbidity and the quality of patients' and caregivers' lives. An HE diagnosis is generally an exclusion diagnosis.

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Placement: Effects on Nutritional Status in Cirrhotic Patients.

Malnutrition is a tangible complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension with a prevalence of up to 50%. In particular, sarcopenia and myosteatosis, defined as the alteration in muscle quantity and quality, have a negative impact on the main complications of liver disease and are associated with higher mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Recently, alterations in adipose tissue have also been described in cirrhotic patients and they seem to influence the course of liver disease.

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with a higher risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy and poorer survival.

Background And Aims: Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a frequent complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. Its impact on predicting the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) and survival has not been studied in large multicenter studies.

Methods: Data from patients recruited at eight centers across Europe and the United States were analyzed.

Sex differences in ischemic stroke during COVID-19 first outbreak in northern Italy.

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on outcome in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with ischemic stroke during the first wave in Italy. Few data are available on outcome stratified by sex.

Methods: The Italian Society of Hospital Neuroscience conducted a multi-center, retrospective, observational study on neurological complications in COVID-19 patients with ischemic stroke.

Carboxymethyl chitosan dopamine conjugates: Synthesis and evaluation for intranasal anti Parkinson therapy.

With respect to the Parkinson's disease (PD), herein, we aimed at synthetizing and characterizing two novel macromolecular conjugates where dopamine (DA) was linked to N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan or O-carboxymethyl chitosan, being both conjugates obtained from an organic solvent free synthetic procedure. They were characterized by FT-IR, H NMR spectroscopies, whereas thermal analysis (including Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis) revealed good stability of the two conjugates after exposure at temperatures close to 300 °C. Release studies in simulated nasal fluid elucidated that a faster release occurred since O-carboxymethyl chitosan-DA conjugate maybe due to the less steric hindrance exerted by the polymeric moiety.