Exploring the Role of the Gut Microbiota in Modulating Colorectal Cancer Immunity.

The gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis and influencing the immune landscape within the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to elucidate the interactions between gut microbiota and tumor immune dynamics, with a focus on colorectal cancer (CRC). The review spans foundational concepts of immuno-microbial interplay, factors influencing microbiome composition, and evidence linking gut microbiota to cancer immunotherapy outcomes.

[Bilateral vestibulopathy and sensorineural hearing loss in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, multiple myeloma and amiloidosis].

This article describes a rare case of necrotic xanthogranuloma in a 46-year-old patient who presented with the development of periorbital xanthelasms, progressive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and bilateral vestibulopathy, followed by multiple myeloma and amyloidosis. For several years, the patient underwent standard rehabilitation for chronic sensorineural hearing loss and was fitted with a hearing aid. During hospitalisation for exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, monoclonal gammopathy was identified, and later, after careful examination and repeated biopsies, necrotic xanthogranuloma, multiple myeloma and AL-amyloidosis were confirmed.

Pathomorphological Features of the Novel Coronavirus Disease in Patients with Systemic Amyloidosis.

Amyloidosis is one of the rare systemic illnesses characterized by the deposition of amyloid fibrils in various organs and tissues. There is a common point between COVID-19 and systemic amyloidosis regarding the multiorgan involvement in the pathological process which leads to a heightened risk for severe morbidity and mortality in amyloidosis patients who contracted COVID-19. We performed a pathomorphological analysis of the autopsy records of 22 patients who had COVID-19 and pre-existing systemic amyloidosis.

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of the Tumor Stroma in Colorectal Cancer: Insights into Disease Progression and Therapeutic Targets.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden worldwide and is the third most common type of cancer. The early detection and diagnosis of CRC is critical to improve patient outcomes. This review explores the intricate interplay between the tumor microenvironment, stromal interactions, and the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer.

Influence of Various Light Regimes on Morphofunctional Condition of Transplantable Melanoma B16.

A study of the morphofunctional condition of mice with transplantable melanoma B16 under the influence of a normal daylight regime, constant lighting and constant darkness was conducted. It was shown that exposure to constant lighting leads to intensification of the proliferation of melanoma cells, more significant growth and spread of the tumor, the development of more pronounced secondary changes, the presence of perivascular growth and an increase in perineural invasion. At the same time, keeping of animals in constant darkness significantly reduced the intensity of the proliferative process in the tumor and lead to tumor regression in the absence of signs of lympho-, intravascular and intraneural invasion.

[Characteristics of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Carriers of Polymorphic Variants of the VDR Gene With Arterial Hypertension and Obesity].

Aim: to study the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) in patients with polymorphic variants of the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR), arterial hypertension (AH) and obesity.

Materials And Methods: We included in this study 98 patients with stage II-III AH and obesity (33 men, 65 women, mean age 61.1±9.

[Diet optimization in patients with obesity and diastolic heart failure based on the assessment of indicators of metabolism during physical exertion].

The objective of the work was to examine the performance of basal metabolism and body composition in obese patients with diastolic heart failure (DHF) to identify optimal needs of these patients in the nutrients and energy. We studied 222 patients with obesity, that were divided into four groups depending on the degree of obesity and the presence or absence of DHF with preserved systolic function of the left ventricle (2 groups of obese patients with an initial degree I-II, 2 groups - a pronounced degree of obesity III). Basal metabolism by indirect respiratory calorimetry, physical activity at home and cardiorespiratory exercise testing were evaluated in these groups of patients.

[Histological and immunohistochemical examinations in the diagnosis of hepatic amyloidosis].

Objective: to investigate the histopathology of amyloid in liver biopsy specimens. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A total of 46 liver biopsy specimens were investigated in patients with histologically verified amyloidosis in 2006 to 2009 from the Amyloid Registry of the Charité University Hospital (Berlin).

[Optimization of the immunohistochemical diagnosis of AL amyloidosis using novel antibodies].

Objective: to improve the immunohistochemical diagnosis of AL amyloidosis, by generating novel peptide antibodies against the variable and constant regions of the κ-light chains.

Material And Methods: All amyloidogenic κ-light chains were sought in the scientific literature and the database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. On the basis of the findings, a chain was formed from the most common amino acid residues that were used to choose peptide regions for immunization.

ATTR amyloid in the carpal tunnel ligament is frequently of wildtype transthyretin origin.

The carpal tunnel ligament often encloses transthyretin-derived (ATTR) amyloid deposits. In this study we tested the hypothesis that ATTR amyloid in the carpal tunnel ligament is most commonly of wildtype origin in a Caucasian population without endemic background of familial amyloid polyneuropathy. All resection specimens from the carpal tunnel ligament were retrieved from the Amyloid Registry of the University of Kiel spanning the period of 2004-2011 and dichotomized into two study groups: the first study group of 25 patients was obtained from diverse referring pathologists.

PTAA and B10: new approaches to amyloid detection in tissue-evaluation of amyloid detection in tissue with a conjugated polyelectrolyte and a fibril-specific antibody fragment.

Aims: We analysed the suitability of two little known substances for the detection of amyloid in surgical pathology specimens, that is the conjugated polyelectrolyte polythiophene acetic acid (PTAA) and the camelid antibody domain B10.

Methods: We compared the amyloid detection of PTAA and B10 to Congo red in 106 amyloid-containing tissue biopsies of diverse anatomical and precursor origin by evaluating the accordance in four grades (grade 0: no staining, grade 1: staining of <33% of the amyloid deposits, grade 2: 33-66% and grade 3:>66%).

Results: PTAA showed grade 2-3 staining in 57 (54%) cases, while B10 presented this accordance in only 25 (24%) tissue biopsies.

Comparison of different tissue sampling methods for protein extraction from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens.

Aims: Protein extracts from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue for proteomic analysis has recently gained attention. In this study, we explored the possibility to standardize tissue sampling from paraffin blocks and compared the protein extracts with those obtained from fresh frozen material.

Materials And Methods: Fresh frozen and FFPE material was obtained from five patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma either by cutting sections with a microtome or by stamping a cylinder with tissue micro-array technology.

[Amyloidosis in liver biopsies].

Introduction: We reassessed the histopathology and origin of amyloid in liver biopsies.

Materials And Methods: All liver biopsies were retrieved from a series of 588 cases with histologically confirmed amyloidosis submitted between February 2006 and January 2009 to the Amyloid Registry of the Charité University Hospital. Liver biopsies had been fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.

Hereditary apolipoprotein AI-associated amyloidosis in surgical pathology specimens: identification of three novel mutations in the APOA1 gene.

Apolipoprotein AI-derived (AApoAI) amyloidosis may present either as a non-hereditary form with wild-type protein deposits in atherosclerotic plaques or as a hereditary form due to germline mutations in the APOA1 gene. Currently, more than 50 apoAI variants are known, and 13 are associated with amyloidosis. We describe six patients with AApoAI amyloidosis due to APOA1 germline mutations that affect the larynx, small intestine, large intestine, heart, liver, kidney, uterus, ovary, or pelvic lymph nodes.