The Effects of Cancer Immunotherapy on Fertility: Focus on Hematological Malignancies.

In recent years, cancer management has benefitted from new effective treatments, including immunotherapy. While these therapies improve cancer survival rates, they can alter immune responses and cause long-term side effects, of which gonadotoxic effects and the potential impact on male and female fertility are growing concerns. Immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunomodulators, monoclonal antibodies, and CAR-T, can lead to elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and immune-related adverse events that may exacerbate fertility problems.

RIAIT (Italian Registry of Allergen Immunotherapy): Protocol for a New Tool in a New Vision of Disease-Modifying Therapy for Allergists.

Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated responses to clinical parameters, but a significant proportion of allergy patients in real-life settings would have been excluded from such studies. Therefore, real-world research is needed, and there is a growing body of information on allergen immunotherapy's long-term effectiveness and safety. Real-world evidence can be a valuable instrument to better understand the patient's journey and the effectiveness and safety of therapies.

Sublingually administered bacterial lysates: rationale, mechanisms of action and clinical outcomes.

This review discusses available evidence on the mechanisms of action of bacterial lysates, and the clinical effects of their sublingual administration. Bacterial lysates act through many immunological effects, including dendritic cell activation, modification of circulating lymphocyte subsets and antibody production. The production of salivary IgA was repeatedly shown to be induced by the sublingual administration of a prototype bacterial lysate containing soluble and corpuscular antigens.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis and biological agents: the ARIA-ITALY Survey.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease that affects the nasal mucosa and the paranasal sinuses. CRS can be associated by nasal polyposis (CRSwNP phenotype) in up to 30% of patients and it is frequently associated with bronchial asthma. CRSwNP shows predominantly an underlying activation of type 2 inflammatory pathways with the involvement of eosinophils, IgE, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13.

An eXplainable Artificial Intelligence analysis of Raman spectra for thyroid cancer diagnosis.

Raman spectroscopy shows great potential as a diagnostic tool for thyroid cancer due to its ability to detect biochemical changes during cancer development. This technique is particularly valuable because it is non-invasive and label/dye-free. Compared to molecular tests, Raman spectroscopy analyses can more effectively discriminate malignant features, thus reducing unnecessary surgeries.

Malondialdehyde as a Potential Oxidative Stress Marker for Allergy-Oriented Diseases: An Update.

Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a compound that is derived from the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It has been used as a biomarker to measure oxidative stress in various biological samples in patients who are affected by a wide range of diseases. The aim of our work is to provide an updated overview of the role of MDA as a marker of oxidative stress in allergy-related diseases.

The Emerging Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) and Alarmins in Celiac Disease: An Update on Pathophysiological Insights, Potential Use as Disease Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Implications.

Celiac disease (CD) is an intestinal disease that develops in genetically predisposed individuals and is triggered by the ingestion of gluten. CD was considered a Th1-disease. Today, the role of Th17, IL-21, and IL-17A lymphocytes is well known.

MR1 deficiency enhances IL-17-mediated allergic contact dermatitis.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib molecules present antigens to subsets of T cells primarily involved in host defense against pathogenic microbes and influence the development of immune-mediated diseases. The MHC class Ib molecule MHC-related protein 1 (MR1) functions as a platform to select MR1-restricted T cells, including mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in the thymus, and presents ligands to them in the periphery. MAIT cells constitute an innate-like T-cell subset that recognizes microbial vitamin B metabolites and plays a defensive role against microbes.

Is there a rationale for supplementing with vitamin D patients under treatment with allergen immunotherapy?

Vitamin D (VD) has been shown to exert immunomodulatory activities, especially in promoting immune tolerance. For these properties VD has been proposed in the therapy of immunological conditions in which the loss of tolerance is the key pathogenetic aspect of the disease, such as allergies. Despite these properties available literature suggests VD is not useful in treating or preventing allergic diseases and whether low serum VD levels favor allergic sensitization and severity is debated.

Electrochemical Biosensors in the Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Leukemias.

Until now, morphological assessment with an optical or electronic microscope, fluorescence in situ hybridization, DNA sequencing, flow cytometry, polymerase chain reactions, and immunohistochemistry have been employed for leukemia identification. Nevertheless, despite their numerous different vantages, it is difficult to recognize leukemic cells correctly. Recently, the electrochemical evaluation with a nano-sensing interface seems an attractive alternative.

Real-Life Effectiveness of Subcutaneous Immune Therapy with Carbamylated Monomeric Allergoids on Mite, Grass, and Pellitory Respiratory Allergy: A Retrospective Study.

Background: real-life studies are encouraged to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of allergen immunotherapy (AIT). In this context, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of carbamylated monomeric allergoid subcutaneous immunotherapy (MA-SCIT), along with patient satisfaction. Methods: a total of 291 patients with rhinoconjunctivitis with or without asthma with inhalant (house dust mite, grass, and pellitory) allergies were enrolled in this study.

Bio-physical mechanisms of dehydrating membranes of Acinetobacter baumannii linked to drought-resistance.

Acinetobacter baumanni, is an opportunistic nosocomial multi-drug resistant bacterium, which represents a threat for human health. This pathogen is able to persist in intensive care units thanks to its extraordinary resistance towards dehydration, whose mechanisms are unknown and enable it to easily spread through surfaces, contaminating also medical devices. In this article we reveal, with a multimodal approach, based on μ-R Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching, the bio-physical mechanisms that the membrane of two A.

Clinical Use of Raman Spectroscopy Improves Diagnostic Accuracy for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules.

Background And Objective: Molecular analysis of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens is believed to improve the management of indeterminate nodules. Raman spectroscopy (RS) can differentiate benign and malignant thyroid lesions in surgically removed tissues, generating distinctive structural profiles. Herein, the diagnostic performance of RS was tested on FNA biopsies of thyroid gland.

Cold Atmospheric Plasma Targeting Hematological Malignancies: Potentials and Problems of Clinical Translation.

Cold atmospheric plasma is an ionized gas produced near room temperature; it generates reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species and induces physical changes, including ultraviolet, radiation, thermal, and electromagnetic effects. Several studies showed that cold atmospheric plasma could effectively provoke death in a huge amount of cell types, including neoplastic cells, via the induction of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. This technique seems able to destroy tumor cells by disturbing their more susceptible redox equilibrium with respect to normal cells, but it is also able to cause immunogenic cell death by enhancing the immune response, to decrease angiogenesis, and to provoke genetic and epigenetics mutations.

Unraveling the Effects of Carotenoids Accumulation in Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Among the thyroid cancers, papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounts for 90% of the cases. In addition to the necessity to identify new targets for PTC treatment, early diagnosis and management are highly demanded. Previous data indicated that the multivariate statistical analysis of the Raman spectra allows the discrimination of healthy tissues from PTC ones; this is characterized by bands typical of carotenoids.

Histological and Chemical Analysis of Heavy Metals in Kidney and Gills of : Melanomacrophages Centers and Rodlet Cells as Environmental Biomarkers.

Industrialization has resulted in a massive increase in garbage output, which is frequently discharged or stored in waterways like rivers and seas. Due to their toxicity, durability, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification, heavy metals (such as mercury, cadmium, and lead) have been identified as strong biological poisons. Their presence in the aquatic environment has the potential to affect water quality parameters and aquatic life in general.

Effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and associated comorbidities: a multicentric prospective study in real life.

Background: Biologics are currently one of the main treatment options for a number of diseases. The IgG4 monoclonal antibody dupilumab targets the Interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain, thus preventing the biological effects of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, that are essential for the Th2 response. Several controlled trials showed that dupilumab is effective and safe in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), thus resulting in approval by regulatory agencies.

Exosome-Mediated Therapeutic Strategies for Management of Solid and Hematological Malignancies.

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin containing cytokines, RNAs, growth factors, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. They have been identified as fundamental intercellular communication controllers in several diseases and an enormous volume of data confirmed that exosomes could either sustain or inhibit tumor onset and diffusion in diverse solid and hematological malignancies by paracrine signaling. Thus, exosomes might constitute a promising cell-free tumor treatment alternative.

AllergoOncology: Role of immune cells and immune proteins.

Background: Immune cells and immune proteins play a pivotal role in host responses to pathogens, allergens and cancer. Understanding the crosstalk between allergic response and cancer, immune surveillance, immunomodulation, role of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated functions and help to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Allergy and oncology show two opposite scenarios: whereas immune tolerance is desired in allergy, it is detrimental in cancer.