Examining the association between habitual emotion regulation strategies and cardiovascular stress reactivity across three studies.

Poor emotion regulation is associated with cardiovascular disease risk, with altered cardiovascular responses to psychological stress a possible underlying mechanism. However, prior research has predominantly focused on instructed (laboratory-based) emotion regulation; there is limited conclusive research on the relationship between every-day (habitual) emotion regulation and cardiovascular responses to active psychological stress. As such, this study aimed to examine the associations between two common habitual emotion regulation strategies-cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression-and cardiovascular stress responses across three independent laboratory studies, each involving a different active acute psychological stress task.

Further Examining Positive Affect in Relation to Worry: A Synergistic Effect Between Positive Affect Expressivity and Proneness to Positive Affect.

There is emerging interest in understanding positive affect dysfunction in relation to anxiety, including worry. This set of two studies examined the association between the inhibition of affect expression (general affect expressivity in Study 1, positive affect expressivity in Study 2) and worry, with a particular interest in the moderating role of proneness to experience positive affect. Subjects were US-residing adults (Study 1 = 502, Study 2 = 250) who were recruited through a crowdsourcing website and completed self-report measures of study variables.

Development and Validation of the Ease of Imagery Questionnaire.

The present series of studies aimed to develop and provide initial validation of the Ease of Imagery Questionnaire (EIQ)-a measure assessing ease of imaging different positive and negative imagery content reflective of valence and engaging or disengaging in adverse situations. Five studies were conducted to collectively examine the questionnaire's factor structure and concurrent validity. Study 1 ( = 336) and Study 2 ( = 207) informed the development of 16 items of the EIQ, with a four-factor structure supported in Studies 3 ( = 219), 4 ( = 135), and 5 ( = 184) using confirmatory factor analysis.

Profiles of historical loss and childhood trauma as predictors of mental and cardiometabolic health in American Indian adults.

Cardiometabolic disease and mental health conditions are two major contributors to persistent inequities in health and life expectancy for American Indian adults. The atrocities associated with European colonization are linked to intergenerational psychological and emotional wounding (i.e.

Mastery imagery ability moderates the relationship between heart rate reactivity to acute psychological stress and perceptions of stress and physiological arousal.

Imagery has been associated with cardiovascular and psychological responses to stress; however, the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. The present study examined if the ability to image mastering challenging or difficult situations moderated the relationship between heart rate reactivity and perceptions of stress and physiological arousal experienced during acute stress. Four hundred and fifty-eight participants completed a standardized laboratory stress protocol with heart rate being measured throughout.

A stress-is-enhancing mindset is associated with lower traumatic stress symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: A stress-is-enhancing mindset is associated with lower perceived stress and better coping. However, work examining the prospective associations of stress mindset on perceived traumatic stress symptoms during a stressful real-world life event is limited. The present prospective study explored whether stress-is-enhancing mindset measured before the onset of the COVID-19 global pandemic was associated with later traumatic stress symptoms in response to the COVID-19 global pandemic.

Improving stress mindset through education and imagery.

Background: Research suggests interventions such as education and imagery can elicit a greater stress-is-enhancing mindset. The present study examined the individual and combined effect of stress-is-enhancing education and/or imagery delivered virtually in altering stress mindset. Three 3-minute online video interventions: (1) education, (2) imagery, (3) education with imagery were compared to each other and a control comparison.

Emotion regulation tendencies and cardiovascular responses to repeated acute psychological stress.

Poor emotion regulation has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) through maladaptive cardiovascular responses to psychological stress. However, there has been scant research examining the relationship between emotion regulation and habituation of cardiovascular responses to recurrent stress, which may be more directly applicable to the experience of stress in everyday life. The aims of the current study were to examine the associations between emotion regulation tendencies and cardiovascular stress reactivity, as well as habituation of cardiovascular reactivity across repeated stressors.

Emotion suppression and acute physiological responses to stress in healthy populations: a quantitative review of experimental and correlational investigations.

Emotion suppression may be linked to poor health outcomes through elevated stress-related physiology. The current meta-analyses investigate the magnitude of the association between suppression and physiological responses to active psychological stress tasks administered in the laboratory. Relevant articles were identified through Medline, PsychINFO, PubMed, and ProQuest.

Physiological reactivity and habituation to acute psychological stress: The influence of trait extraversion.

Background And Aims: Adaptive physiological responses to stress have been suggested as a potential mechanism facilitating the association between extraversion and positive health outcomes. The present study examined the influence of extraversion on physiological reactivity and habituation to a standardized psychological stress task presented as two separate laboratory sessions approximately 48 days apart.

Methods: The present study utilized data from the Pittsburgh Cold Study 3.

Extraversion is associated with lower cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress.

Background And Aims: Extraversion has been associated with positive physical health outcomes, with adaptive cardiovascular responses to stress being one potential physiological mechanism. The present study examined the influence of extraversion on both cardiovascular reactivity and cardiovascular habituation to an acute psychological stress task (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)) in a sample of healthy undergraduate students.

Methods: A sample of 467 undergraduate students completed the Big Five Inventory (BFI) to assess trait extraversion and attended a single stress testing session.

Disordered eating is associated with blunted blood pressure reactivity and poorer habituation to acute psychological stress.

Psychological stress has been shown to influence the development and progression of disordered eating. Psychophysiological studies have reported that individuals with disordered eating behavior exhibit atypical cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress. However, prior studies have been limited by small sample sizes and have examined cardiovascular responses to a singular stress exposure.

Cardiovascular stress reactivity, habituation, and adiposity.

The relationship between adiposity and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality is complex. One pathway through which adiposity may influence future health outcomes is by altering how biological systems respond to stress. The current study aimed to examine the association between two metrics of adiposity (body mass index and waist-hip ratio) and two indices of cardiovascular stress responses (reactivity and habituation).

Emotion Regulation Strategies Relate to Ambulatory Cardiovascular Activity in an American Indian Community.

Objective: Poor emotion regulation is associated with risk for cardiovascular disease. However, much of this research is conducted in primarily White samples, thus limiting our understanding of this relationship in other racial/ethnic groups. American Indians (AIs) are uniquely and disproportionately at risk for cardiovascular disease.

Life event stress is associated with blunted cardiovascular responding to both personally salient and personally non-salient laboratory tasks.

Life event stress has been associated with blunted cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress. However, recent studies have suggested that blunted reactivity to stress only arises when the laboratory tasks are not personally salient to the individual. We re-analyzed data from 136 healthy young adults where we had previously reported a negative association between life event stress and cardiovascular reactivity to two combined stressors.

Cluster analysis reveals distinct patterns of childhood adversity, behavioral disengagement, and depression that predict blunted heart rate reactivity to acute psychological stress.

Background: There is considerable evidence documenting associations between early life adversity, behavioral disengagement, and depression with blunted cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress. However, while often examined as independent predictors, it is also likely that a combination of these factors uniquely relate to cardiovascular reactivity.

Purpose: The present study employed multivariate cluster analysis to examine if distinct combinations of these outcomes relate to cardiovascular stress reactivity.

Childhood Trauma and Cortisol Reactivity: An Investigation of the Role of Task Appraisals.

Background: Childhood adversity is linked to adverse health in adulthood. One posited mechanistic pathway is through physiological responses to acute stress. Childhood adversity has been previously related to both exaggerated and blunted physiological responses to acute stress, however, less is known about the psychological mechanisms which may contribute to patterns of physiological reactivity linked to childhood adversity.

Cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress and academic achievement.

Cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress have been associated with cognitive function. However, previous work has assessed cardiovascular reactions and cognitive function in the laboratory at the same time. The present study examined the association between cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress in the laboratory and academic performance in final year high school students.

An Evidence-Based Guideline for Surveillance of Patients after Curative Treatment for Colon and Rectal Cancer.

Objective: To provide recommendations for a surveillance regimen that leads to the largest overall survival benefit for patients after curative treatment for Stage I-IV colon and rectal cancer.

Methods: Consistent with the Program in Evidence-Based Care's standard approach, guideline databases, i.e.

Models of Follow-Up Care and Secondary Prevention Measures for Survivors of Colorectal Cancer: Evidence-Based Guidelines and Systematic Review.

Objective: To provide recommendations for preferred models of follow-up care for stage I-IV colorectal (CRC) cancer survivors in Ontario; to identify signs and symptoms of potential recurrence and when to investigate; and to evaluate patient information and support needs during the post-treatment survivorship period.

Methods: Consistent with the Program in Evidence-Based Medicine's standardized approach, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PROSPERO databases were systematically searched. The authors drafted recommendations and revised them based on the comments from internal and external reviewers.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) relate to blunted cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity to acute laboratory stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor future mental and physical health. Altered biological reactivity to mental stress may be a possible mechanism linking ACEs to poor health. However, it is not clear if ACEs relate to blunted or exaggerated stress reactivity.

Adverse childhood experiences, sex, and cardiovascular habituation to repeated stress.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are robustly associated with later cardiovascular disease. Alterations in cardiovascular responses to stress may be an underlying mechanism. The present study examined whether ACEs predicted habituation of cardiovascular responses across two acute laboratory stress tasks, and whether this differed between men and women.

Effects of arousal reappraisal on the anxiety responses to stress: Breaking the cycle of negative arousal intensity and arousal interpretation.

Arousal reappraisal has been shown to be an effective strategy during stress to improve anxiety. However, the exact psychological mechanism through which arousal reappraisal improves anxiety is unknown. In a large, cross-sectional study (Study 1, N = 455) participants engaged in an acute psychological stress task and rated their levels of physiological arousal, cognitive anxiety, and somatic anxiety, and whether they perceived this physiological arousal, cognitive anxiety, and somatic anxiety as helpful or hurtful (i.