Population Pharmacokinetics with Monte Carlo Simulations of Gentamicin in a Population of Severely Ill Adult Patients from Sub-Saharan Africa.

In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), gentamicin is commonly used for severe infections in non-intensive-care-unit (ICU) settings, but pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for this specific population are lacking. We performed a population pharmacokinetic study in an adult Mozambican non-ICU hospital population treated with gentamicin ( = 48) and developed a pharmacokinetic model using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Simulations showed that non-ICU patient populations in SSA may be at substantial risk for underexposure to gentamicin during routine once-daily dosing.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic target attainment of ceftriaxone in adult severely ill sub-Saharan African patients: a population pharmacokinetic modelling study.

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the highly albumin-bound β-lactam ceftriaxone is frequently used for the empirical treatment of severe bacterial infections. Systemic drug exposure of β-lactams can be altered in critically ill ICU patients, but pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for non-ICU SSA populations are lacking.

Methods: We performed a population pharmacokinetic study in an adult hospital population in Mozambique, treated with ceftriaxone for presumptive severe bacterial infection from October 2014 to November 2015.

Paracetamol clinical dosing routine leads to paracetamol underexposure in an adult severely ill sub-Saharan African hospital population: a drug concentration measurement study.

Background: Hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) continue to receive high numbers of severely ill (HIV-infected) patients with physical pain that may suffer from hepatic and renal dysfunction. Paracetamol is widely used for pain relief in this setting but it is unknown whether therapeutic drug concentrations are attained. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of therapeutic, sub-therapeutic and toxic paracetamol concentrations in SSA adult hospital population.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment of Benzylpenicillin in an Adult Severely Ill Sub-Saharan African Patient Population.

Background: In intensive care (ICU) patients, systemic exposure of β-lactam antibiotics can be altered, and positive clinical outcome is associated with increasing fT > MIC ratios. In sub-Saharan African hospitals, benzylpenicillin (PEN) is frequently used for the empiric treatment of severe pneumococcal infections. Pharmacokinetic data for non-ICU hospitalized populations are lacking.