Contribution of the Type III Secretion System (T3SS2) of in Mitochondrial Stress in Human Intestinal Cells.

is an important human pathogen that is currently the leading cause of shellfish-borne gastroenteritis in the world. Particularly, the pandemic strain has the capacity to induce cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity through its Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS2) that leads to massive cell death. However, the specific mechanism by which the T3SS2 induces cell death remains unclear and its contribution to mitochondrial stress is not fully understood.

Characterization of Antibiotic-Resistance Antarctic That Produce Bacteriocin-like Compounds.

In this study, bacterial isolates C1-4-7, D2-4-6, and M1-4-11 from Antarctic soil were phenotypically and genotypically characterized, and their antibacterial spectrum and that of cell-free culture supernatant were investigated. Finally, the effect of temperature and culture medium on the production of antimicrobial compounds was investigated. The three bacteria were identified as different strains of the genus .

Presence of Zonula Occludens Toxin-Coding Genes among Isolates of Clinical and Environmental Origin.

In recent studies, emphasis has been placed on the zonula occludens toxin (Zot) from the non-toxigenic strain PMC53.7 as an agent inducing alterations in the actin cytoskeleton of infected Caco-2 cells and which appears as a relevant virulence factor. Universal primers were designed by the alignment of different types of gene and identification of conserved sequences to investigate the presence in diverse environmental and clinical isolates, in co-occurrence with virulence factors, such a hemolysins and secretion systems.

Antarctic Soil Yeasts with Fermentative Capacity and Potential for the Wine Industry.

Low fermentation temperatures are usually employed to obtain high-quality wines. This is especially interesting for white wine production since it prevents the loss of volatile compounds and a browning appearance; however, available fermentative yeasts do not usually tolerate low temperatures. Therefore, an interesting place to find new yeasts with cryotolerance is the Antarctic continent.

Gut-Brain Axis Deregulation and Its Possible Contribution to Neurodegenerative Disorders.

The gut-brain axis is an essential communication pathway between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastrointestinal tract. The human microbiota is composed of a diverse and abundant microbial community that compasses more than 100 trillion microorganisms that participate in relevant physiological functions such as host nutrient metabolism, structural integrity, maintenance of the gut mucosal barrier, and immunomodulation. Recent evidence in animal models has been instrumental in demonstrating the possible role of the microbiota in neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, and behavior.

Carotenoid Cocktail Produced by An Antarctic Soil with Biotechnological Potential.

Carotenoids are highly important in pigmentation, and its content in farmed crustaceans and fish correlates to their market value. These pigments also have a nutritional role in aquaculture where they are routinely added as a marine animal food supplement to ensure fish development and health. However, there is little information about carotenoids obtained from Antarctic bacteria and its use for pigmentation improvement and flesh quality in aquaculture.

The Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils Derived from and Possess Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antitumoral Activity Potential.

(Peumo; CA) and (Laurel; LS) are herbs native to the Chilean highlands and have historically been used for medicinal purposes by the Huilliches people. In this work, the essential oils were extracted using hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS to determine their composition. The antioxidant capacity (AC) was evaluated in vitro.

Metabolic Specialization and Codon Preference of Lignocellulolytic Genes in the White Rot Basidiomycete .

is a white-rot fungus with a high specificity towards lignin mineralization when colonizing dead wood or lignocellulosic compounds. Its lignocellulose degrading system is formed by cellulose hydrolytic enzymes, manganese peroxidases, and laccases that catalyze the efficient depolymerization and mineralization of lignocellulose. To determine if this metabolic specialization has modified codon usage of the lignocellulolytic system, improving its adaptation to the fungal translational machine, we analyzed the adaptation to host codon usage (CAI), tRNA pool (tAI, and AAtAI), codon pair bias (CPB), and the number of effective codons (Nc).

Analysis of the Toxin Found in the Genome of the Chilean Non-toxigenic Strain PMC53.7.

non-toxigenic strains are responsible for about 10% of acute gastroenteritis associated with this species, suggesting they harbor unique virulence factors. toxin (Zot), firstly described in , is a secreted toxin that increases intestinal permeability. Recently, we identified Zot-encoding genes in the genomes of highly cytotoxic Chilean strains, including the non-toxigenic clinical strain PMC53.

Genome Sequence of sp. Strain AN3A02, Isolated from Rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica Desv., with Antagonism against Botrytis cinerea.

Here, we announce the draft genome sequence of sp. strain AN3A02, isolated from the rhizosphere of one of the only two species of vascular plants existing in the Antarctic continent, Desv. This isolate, which inhibited the mycelial growth of in dual culture, has a genome sequence of 6,778,644 bp, with a G+C content of 60.

SRL pathogenicity island contributes to the metabolism of D-aspartate via an aspartate racemase in Shigella flexneri YSH6000.

In recent years, multidrug resistance of Shigella strains associated with genetic elements like pathogenicity islands, have become a public health problem. The Shigella resistance locus pathogenicity island (SRL PAI) of S. flexneri 2a harbors a 16Kbp region that contributes to the multidrug resistance phenotype.

Conservation of Small Regulatory RNAs in : Possible role of RNA-OUT Encoded by the Pathogenicity Island (VPaI-7) of Pandemic Strains.

Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are molecules that play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. sRNAs in bacteria can affect important processes, such as metabolism and virulence. Previous studies showed a significant role of sRNAs in the species, but knowledge about is limited.

Draft Genome Sequence of sp. Strain M7D1, Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Desert Bloom Plants.

We announce the draft genome sequence of sp. strain M7D1, isolated from the rhizosphere of a plant in the Atacama Desert bloom event. The genome sequence had 6,170,633 bp with a G+C content of 59.

The Ferric uptake regulator (Fur) and iron availability control the production and maturation of the antibacterial peptide microcin E492.

Microcin E492 is a pore-forming bacteriocin with toxic activity against Enterobacteriaceae, which undergoes amyloid aggregation as a mechanism to regulate its toxicity. To be active, it requires the posttranslational attachment to the C-terminus of a glycosylated enterochelin derivative (salmochelin), a process carried out by the proteins MceC, MceI and MceJ encoded in the MccE492 gene cluster. Both microcin E492 and salmochelin have a proposed role in the virulence of the bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Exploring the Genomic Traits of Non-toxigenic Strains Isolated in Southern Chile.

is the leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. As reported in other countries, after the rise and fall of the pandemic strain in Chile, other post-pandemic strains have been associated with clinical cases, including strains lacking the major toxins TDH and TRH. Since the presence or absence of and genes has been used for diagnostic purposes and as a proxy of the virulence of isolates, the understanding of virulence in strains lacking toxins is essential to detect these strains present in water and marine products to avoid possible food-borne infection.

Draft Genome Sequence of sp. Strain K2I17, Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Desv.

We present here the draft genome sequence of sp. strain K2I17, which was isolated from the rhizosphere of Desv. The genomic sequence contained 6,113,341 bp.

Draft Genome Sequence of Chilean Antarctic sp. Strain K2I15.

We announce the draft genome sequence of sp. strain K2I15, isolated from the rhizosphere of Desv. The genome sequence had 6,645,031 bp with a G+C content of 60.

Isolation and molecular characterization of Thraustochytrium strain isolated from Antarctic Peninsula and its biotechnological potential in the production of fatty acids.

Thraustochytrids are unicellular protists belonging to the Labyrinthulomycetes class, which are characterized by the presence of a high lipid content that could replace conventional fatty acids. They show a wide geographic distribution, however their diversity in the Antarctic Region is rather scarce. The analysis based on the complete sequence of 18S rRNA gene showed that strain 34-2 belongs to the species Thraustochytrium kinnei, with 99% identity.

The Hyperarid Core of the Atacama Desert, an Extremely Dry and Carbon Deprived Habitat of Potential Interest for the Field of Carbon Science.

The Atacama Desert in Chile is the driest and oldest desert on Earth, also considered one of the best Mars analog models. Here, several heterotrophic microbial communities have been discovered in its driest regions, with the ones present in the soil subsurface being one of the most interesting due to its existence in a habitat with almost no water available and almost undetectable organic carbon sources. Our recent discovery of the driest site of the Atacama known to date (and the heterotrophic microbial species that are able to survive in this site) reaffirms the opportunity to better characterize the physiological and molecular mechanisms that these species use to detect, mobilize, incorporate and use carbon under these extremely harsh conditions.

Draft Genome Sequence of a Copper-Resistant Marine Bacterium, Pantoea agglomerans Strain LMAE-2, a Bacterial Strain with Potential Use in Bioremediation.

Pantoea agglomerans LMAE-2 was isolated from seabed sediment moderately contaminated with Cu(2+) Here, we report its draft genome sequence, which has a size of 4.98 Mb. The presence of cop genes related with copper homeostasis in its genome may explain the resistance and strengthen its potential for use as bioremediation agent.

Draft genome sequence of Janthinobacterium lividum strain MTR reveals its mechanism of capnophilic behavior.

Janthinobacterium lividum is a Gram-negative bacterium able to produce violacein, a pigment with antimicrobial and antitumor properties. Janthinobacterium lividum colonizes the skin of some amphibians and confers protection against fungal pathogens. The mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood.

Draft genome sequence of the Chilean isolate Aeromonas salmonicida strain CBA100.

We report the draft genome sequence from Aeromonas salmonicida sp. strain CBA100, which was characterized as an antibiotic-resistant bacterium isolated from infected rainbow trout. The total size of the genome is 4,788,109 bp, with a G + C content of 60.

[Association between obesity and ovarian cancer].

Obesity is a risk factor for cancer. Epidemiological evidences associate ovarian cancer with obesity. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common type of ovarian cancer and accounts for a high rate of mortality.

Poly[4,4'-(propane-1,3-diyl)dipyridinium bis{tetraaquabis(μ2-5-carboxybenzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylato)bis[μ2-1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane]dicobalt(II)} pentahydrate].

The title polymeric compound, {(C(13)H(16)N(2))[Co(C(10)H(3)O(8))(C(13)H(14)N(2))(H(2)O)(2)](2)·5H(2)O}(n), is an ionic structure comprising an anionic two-dimensional mesh characterized by a {[Co(Hbtc)(bpp)(H(2)O)(2)](-)}(2) motif [Hbtc is 5-carboxybenzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate and bpp is 1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane], with interspersed 4,4'-(propane-1,3-diyl)dipyridinium cations, denoted (H(2)bpp)(2+), and water molecules providing the charge balance and structure stabilization. The reticular mesh consists of two independent types of [Co(H(2)O)(2)](2+) cationic nodes (lying on inversion centres), interconnected in the [101] direction by two independent sets of neutral bridging bpp ligands, both types of ligands being split by non-equivalent twofold axes. One set is formed by genuinely symmetric moieties, while those in the second set are only symmetric by disorder in the central propane bridge.

Poly[[μ3-2-(carboxylatomethyl)benzoato-κ3O1:O2:O2]bis(1H-imidazole-κN3)copper(II)].

In the title polymeric compound, [Cu(C(9)H(6)O(4))(C(3)H(4)N(2))(2)](n), the copper(II) cation occupies an N(2)O(3) coordination sphere defined by two 1H-imidazole (imid) ligands in trans positions and three carboxylate O atoms from three different 2-(carboxylatomethyl)benzoate (hpt(2-)) dianions. The geometry is that of a square pyramid with one of the O atoms at the apex, bridging neighbouring metal centres into an [-ON(2)CuO(2)CuN(2)O-] dinuclear unit. These units are in turn connected by hpt anions into a reticular mesh topologically characterized by two types of loops, viz.