Clozapine versus "high-dose" olanzapine in refractory early-onset schizophrenia: an open-label extension study.

Objective: A recent 12-week controlled comparison demonstrated the superiority of clozapine to "high-dose" olanzapine in adolescents with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. In the present study, the authors conducted a 12-week, open-label, follow-up study to examine changes in lipid and glucose metabolism in youths maintained on clozapine and to determine whether patients who were previously randomized to high-dose olanzapine (up to 30 mg/day) responded to clozapine.

Method: Thirty three (14 clozapine, 19 olanzapine) (85%) of 39 patients were available for the present 12-week, open-label extension study.

Clozapine and "high-dose" olanzapine in refractory early-onset schizophrenia: a 12-week randomized and double-blind comparison.

Background: The present study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of clozapine versus "high-dose" olanzapine in treatment-refractory adolescents with schizophrenia.

Methods: Children, ages 10-18 years, who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia and who were resistant or intolerant to at least two antipsychotic drugs were randomized to receive 12 weeks of double-blind flexibly dosed treatment with clozapine (n = 18) or "high-dose" olanzapine (up to 30 mg/day) (n = 21). The primary efficacy measure was response (improvement), defined as a decrease of 30% or more in total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score from baseline and a Clinical Global Impression Scale improvement rating of "1" (very much improved) or "2" (much improved).

Treatment-refractory schizophrenia in children and adolescents: an update on clozapine and other pharmacologic interventions.

Treatment-refractory early-onset schizophrenia is a rare but severe form of the disorder associated with poor premorbid function and long-term disability. The currently available evidence suggests that clozapine remains the most efficacious treatment for the amelioration of both positive and negative symptoms of the disorder and problematic aggressive behaviors. Clozapine use in children and adolescents, however, is limited by its association with hematologic adverse events and an increased frequency of seizure activity.

Hematological adverse events in clozapine-treated children and adolescents.

Objective: To retrospectively examine rates of hematological adverse events (HAEs) in psychiatrically ill, hospitalized children treated with clozapine.

Method: Clozapine treatment was administered in an open-label fashion using a flexible titration schedule, and data from weekly complete blood counts was obtained. The rate of neutropenia and agranulocytosis (HAEs) development was determined for 172 eligible patients (mean age at clozapine initiation, 15.

Clozapine: its impact on aggressive behavior among children and adolescents with schizophrenia.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of clozapine on aggressive behavior for treatment-refractory adolescents (age range 8.5-18) with schizophrenia (295.x) at Bronx Children's Psychiatric Center.