Performance Evaluation of Host Biomarker Combinations for the Diagnosis of Serious Bacterial Infection in Young Febrile Children: A Double-Blind, Multicentre, Observational Study.

The diagnosis of serious bacterial infection (SBI) in young febrile children remains challenging. This prospective, multicentre, observational study aimed to identify new protein marker combinations that can differentiate a bacterial infection from a viral infection in 983 children, aged 7 days-36 months, presenting with a suspected SBI at three French paediatric emergency departments. The blood levels of seven protein markers (CRP, PCT, IL-6, NGAL, MxA, TRAIL, IP-10) were measured at enrolment.

Predictive Value of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter for Diagnosis of Intracranial Hypertension in Children With Severe Brain Injury.

Background And Aims: Intracranial Hypertension (ICH) is a life-threatening complication of brain injury. The invasive measurement of intracranial pressure (ICP) remains the gold standard to diagnose ICH. Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD) using ultrasonography is a non-invasive method for detecting ICH.

Assessment of mineral and bone biomarkers highlights a high frequency of hypercalciuria in asymptomatic healthy teenagers.

Aim: Assessment of mineral metabolism is complex in paediatrics.

Methods: We assessed the evolution of the main mineral and bone biomarkers (total/bone alkaline phosphatase ALP/BAP, β-crosslaps, osteocalcin, sclerostin, C-terminal and intact FGF23) in 100 healthy teenagers (10-18 years, 50 boys).

Results: At a mean age of 13.

Nutritional Status Deterioration Occurs Frequently During Children's ICU Stay.

Objectives: Malnutrition and faltering growth at PICU admission have been related to suboptimal outcomes. However, little is known about nutritional status deterioration during PICU stay, as critical illness is characterized by a profound and complex metabolism shift, which affects energy requirements and protein turnover. We aim to describe faltering growth occurrence during PICU stay.

Minoxidil versus placebo in the treatment of arterial wall hypertrophy in children with Williams Beuren Syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Insufficient elastin synthesis leads to vascular complications and arterial hypertension in children with Williams-Beuren syndrome. Restoring sufficient quantity of elastin should then result in prevention or inhibition of vascular malformations and improvement in arterial blood pressure.

Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of minoxidil on Intima Media Thickness (IMT) on the right common carotid artery after twelve-month treatment in patient with Williams-Beuren syndrome.

Pediatric bone evaluation with HR-pQCT: A comparison between standard and height-adjusted positioning protocols in a cohort of teenagers with chronic kidney disease.

Background: High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) evaluates different components of bone fragility. The positioning and length of the region of interest (ROI) in growing populations remain to be defined.

Methods: Using HR-pQCT at the ultradistal tibia, we compared a single-center cohort of 28 teenagers with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at a median age of 13.

Skin microvascular dysfunction as an early cardiovascular marker in primary hyperoxaluria type I.

Background: Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is an orphan inborn error of oxalate metabolism leading to hyperoxaluria, progressive renal failure, oxalate deposition, and increased cardiovascular complications. As endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are early markers of cardiovascular risk, we investigated early endothelial and vascular dysfunction in young PH1 patients either under conservative treatment (PH1-Cons) or after combined kidney liver transplantation (PH1-T) in comparison to healthy controls (Cont-H) and patients with a past of renal transplantation (Cont-T).

Methods: Skin microvascular function was non-invasively assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry before and after stimulation by current, thermal, or pharmacological (nitroprussiate (SNP) or acetylcholine (Ach)) stimuli in young PH1 patients and controls.

Multiple Micronutrient Plasma Level Changes Are Related to Oxidative Stress Intensity in Critically Ill Children.

Objectives: Micronutrient supplementation in critically ill adults remains controversial. In the pediatric setting, the impact of oxidative stress on the overall micronutrient status has been poorly explored, due to the limited number of studies and to confounding factors (i.e.

Faltering growth in the critically ill child: prevalence, risk factors, and impaired outcome.

Unlabelled: Low body mass index (BMI) z score is commonly used to define undernutrition, but faltering growth allows for a complementary dynamic assessment of nutritional status. We studied the prevalence of undernutrition and faltering growth at admission in the pediatric intensive care (PICU) setting and their impacts on outcome. All (685) consecutive children (aged 0 to 18 years old) admitted in a single-center PICU over a 1-year period were prospectively enrolled.

A double-blind placebo-controlled randomised trial of omega-3 supplementation in children with moderate ADHD symptoms.

Objective: Clinical trials and inconclusive meta-analyses have investigated the effects of omega-3 supplements in children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We performed a randomised placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids.

Methods: Children aged 6-15 years with established diagnosis of ADHD were randomised 1:1 to receive either supplements containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or a placebo for 3 months.

Prevalence of pain in 240 non-ambulatory children with severe cerebral palsy.

Background: Several studies have given frequencies of pain in children with cerebral palsy, but comparing the findings is difficult. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of pain in non-ambulatory children with cerebral palsy and describe their characteristics by presence or absence of pain.

Methods: Data were extracted from an ongoing longitudinal national cohort following non-ambulatory children with severe cerebral palsy aged 3 to 10years over 10years.

Attention and Executive Disorders in Neurofibromatosis 1: Comparison Between NF1 With ADHD Symptomatology (NF1 + ADHD) and ADHD Per Se.

To compare children with Neurofibromatosis type 1 and associated ADHD symptomatology (NF1 + ADHD) with children having received a diagnosis of ADHD without NF1. The idea was that performance differences in tasks of attention between these two groups would be attributable not to the ADHD symptomatology, but to NF1 alone. One group of children with NF1 + ADHD ( = 32), one group of children with ADHD ( = 31), and one group of healthy controls ( = 40) participated in a set of computerized tasks assessing intensive, selective, and executive aspects of attention.

Familial and syndromic lupus share the same phenotype as other early-onset forms of lupus.

Objective: Studies of early-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have identified monogenic forms of the disease. The primary objective of this study was to compare the clinical and laboratory features of the first patients included in the GENIAL/LUMUGENE cohort to those reported in previous publications. The secondary objective was to determine whether subgroups with a distinctive pattern of clinical and biological features are seen in predominantly genetic forms of SLE.

Introduction of a paediatric anaesthesia comic information leaflet reduced preoperative anxiety in children.

Background: The aim of the study was to determine whether the introduction of a paediatric anaesthesia comic information leaflet reduced preoperative anxiety levels of children undergoing major surgery. Secondary objectives were to determine whether the level of understanding of participants and other risk factors influence STAIC-S (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children-State subscale) score in children.

Methods: We performed a randomized controlled parallel-group trial comparing preoperative anxiety between two groups of children aged >6 and <17 yr.

Management of adolescents with very poorly controlled type 1 diabetes by nurses: a parallel group randomized controlled trial.

Backgrounds: Fluctuation in glycemia due to hormonal changes, growth periods, physical activity, and emotions make diabetes management difficult during adolescence. Our objective was to show that a close control of patients' self-management of diabetes by nurse-counseling could probably improve metabolic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: We designed a multicenter, randomized controlled, parallel group, clinical trial.

The effect of methylphenidate on neurofibromatosis type 1: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder with an estimated prevalence of about 1/3000, independent of ethnicity, race, or gender. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity like Disorder (ADHD)-like characteristics are often reported in patients with NF1. We hypothesised that learning disabilities in NF1 children were related to ADHD symptoms.

Rehabilitation of 190 non-ambulatory children with cerebral palsy in structures of care or in liberal sector.

Aims: To describe the rehabilitation of non-ambulatory children with cerebral palsy and to explore adjustability on their individual needs.

Material And Method: Data described are extracted from an on-going national cohort study, following during 10years 385 children with cerebral palsy, aged from 4 to 10, Gross Motor Function Classification System IV and V. We analysed data from the first 190 patients (mean age 6years 10months (SD 2.

[Public clinical trials: which kind of monitoring should be used?].

Objective: Sponsors must take responsibility for the quality of trials at the best possible cost. Our objective was to describe the most frequent quality failures, how they impact trial results, and identify the most efficient monitoring strategies using published articles and reports.

Results: Errors affecting clinical trials include conception, procedures, data management, and data analysis.