Interrelationships of serum estradiol, estrone, and estrone sulfate, adiposity, biochemical bone markers, and leptin in post-menopausal women.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between endogenous estrogens and adiposity, bone markers, and leptin in post-menopausal (PM) women.

Design: Seventy-three post-menopausal (PM) women participated in a clinical correlational study. Weight, height, waist-hip ratio, fasted morning serum and first morning voided urine samples were obtained to compare body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, endogenous estrogens, leptin, and bone markers.

Effects of high-intensity exercise on leptin and testosterone concentrations in well-trained males.

Objective: A number of investigations have examined the effect of exercise on leptin concentrations, because leptin is associated with obesity, satiety, and reproductive function. High-intensity exercise is known to increase testosterone, an inhibitor of leptin. The objective of the study was to determine whether the leptin responses to a progressive, intermittent exercise protocol were related to serum testosterone concentrations.

Variability of serum estrogens among postmenopausal women treated with the same transdermal estrogen therapy and the effect on androgens and sex hormone binding globulin.

Objective: To examine the variability of serum estrogens in response to transdermal estrogen replacement therapy (ET), and to determine the effects on androgens and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG).

Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Setting: Women's hospital.

Substrate utilization during exercise in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy.

It has been suggested that due to the slight direct or indirect effect of estrogen on lipolytic activity, the age-related decrease in production associated with the menopause may heighten the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in women. While hormone replacement therapy (HRT) alone may have little or no effect on body mass in postmenopausal women, data suggest it can alter the shift toward abdominal adiposity. Furthermore, estrogen may have a synergistic effect on exercise-induced reduction in fat mass.