The safety and efficacy of applying a high-current temporal interference electrical stimulation in humans.

Background: Temporal interference electrical stimulation (TI) is promise in targeting deep brain regions focally. However, limited electric field intensity challenges its efficacy.

Objective: This study aimed to introduce a high-current TI electrical stimulation protocol to enhance its intensity and evaluate its safety and efficacy when applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) in the human brain.

Evaluation of tolerability and safety of transcranial electrical stimulation with gel particle electrodes in healthy subjects.

Background: With the advancement of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) technology, an increasing number of stimulation devices and treatment protocols have emerged. However, safety and tolerability remain critical concerns before new strategies can be implemented. Particularly, the use of gel particle electrodes brings new challenges to the safety and tolerability of tES, which hinders its widespread adoption and further research.

The diagnostic value of sleep-deprived EEG in epilepsy: A meta-analysis.

Sleep deprivation has been studied as a method to induce sleep before EEG testing to improve the diagnosis of epilepsy. However, the effectiveness of sleep deprivation in diagnosing epilepsy through EEG in humans showed conflicting findings in previous studies. This meta-analysis aimed to provide statistical evidence for the diagnostic value of sleep-deprived EEG in epilepsy.

Using scalp EEG to predict seizure recurrence and electrical status epilepticus in children with idiopathic focal epilepsy.

Purpose: Some individuals with idiopathic focal epilepsy (IFE) experience recurring seizures accompanied by the evolution of electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES). Here, we aimed to develop a predictor for the early detection of seizure recurrence with ESES in children with IFE using resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) data.

Methods: The study group included 15 IFE patients who developed seizure recurrence with ESES.

Alpha oscillatory activity is causally linked to working memory retention.

Although previous studies have reported correlations between alpha oscillations and the "retention" subprocess of working memory (WM), causal evidence has been limited in human neuroscience due to the lack of delicate modulation of human brain oscillations. Conventional transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is not suitable for demonstrating the causal evidence for parietal alpha oscillations in WM retention because of its inability to modulate brain oscillations within a short period (i.e.

Correlation between abnormal brain network activity and electroencephalogram microstates on exposure to smoking-related cues.

Background: Research into neural mechanisms underlying cue-induced cigarette craving has attracted considerable attention for its significant role in treatments. However, there is little understanding about the effects of exposure to smoking-related cues on electroencephalogram (EEG) microstates of smokers, which can reflect abnormal brain network activity in several psychiatric disorders.

Aims: To explore whether abnormal brain network activity in smokers on exposure to smoking-related cues would be captured by EEG microstates.

Safety Evaluation of Employing Temporal Interference Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in Human Studies.

Temporal interference transcranial alternating current stimulation (TI-tACS) is a new technique of noninvasive brain stimulation. Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of TI-tACS in stimulating brain areas in a selective manner. However, its safety in modulating human brain neurons is still untested.

Belief in biological origin of race (racial essentialism) increases sensitivities to cultural category changes measured by ERP mismatch negativity (MMN).

The dynamic multicultural view explains culture-specific effects on cognition that cultural knowledge is organized in multiple knowledge systems which are specific to each culture and differentially activated when exposed to related objects or scenes. This view predicts automatic categorizations of environmental information according to the culture-specific knowledge systems. This study investigated whether cultural information could be spontaneously categorized, and the modulation of this process by the belief in the biological origin of race (i.

A Novel Cognition-Guided Neurofeedback BCI Dataset on Nicotine Addiction.

Compared with the traditional neurofeedback paradigm, the cognition-guided neurofeedback brain-computer interface (BCI) is a novel paradigm with significant effect on nicotine addiction. However, the cognition-guided neurofeedback BCI dataset is extremely lacking at present. This paper provides a BCI dataset based on a novel cognition-guided neurofeedback on nicotine addiction.

Cultural Relevance Reduces the Enhanced Neural Processing of Positively Valenced Information in Older Adults.

Objectives: This study investigated (a) whether the age-related enhancement in processing positive relative to negative emotional information happened at the early and/or late processing stages and (b) if the age-related positivity effect was modulated by cultural relevance using event-related brain potential (ERP).

Methods: Seventeen younger and 19 older Chinese adults judged the emotional valence of Chinese and Western pictures while electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded and analyzed by temporospatial principal component analysis to dissociate the processing stages.

Results: (a) Larger N100 for negative than positive pictures was observed in younger, but not older adults, while older but not younger adults showed larger late anterior P300 for positive than negative pictures.

Detecting violation in abstract pitch patterns with mismatch negativity.

The human brain automatically extracts regularities embedded in environmental auditory events. This study investigated the extraction of abstract patterns by measuring mismatch negativity (MMN). Participants watched a silent subtitled movie and ignored a sequence of auditory events comprising frequent standards and rare deviants presented in the background.