Prostaglandin F2 Receptor Negative Regulator (PTGFRN) Expression Correlates With a Metastatic-like Phenotype in Epidermoid Carcinoma, Pediatric Medulloblastoma, and Mesothelioma.

Prostaglandin F2 receptor negative regulator (PTGFRN) is a transmembrane protein associated with metastatic characteristics of certain cancer types. However, it remains poorly characterized and its direct function in cancer remains unclear. The study presented here aims to further examine whether PTGFRN expression affects a cancer cell's phenotype, as well as metastatic-like characteristics.

Effect of PTFGRN Expression on the Proteomic Profile of A431 Cells and Determination of the PTGFRN Interactome.

Prostaglandin F2 receptor negative regulator (PTGFRN) is a transmembrane protein whose expression has been previously implicated in cancer metastasis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms by which PTGFRN influences cancer progression are still unknown. As such, our laboratory set out to investigate how PTGFRN knockdown affected the expression of other proteins.

Combined miR-486 and GP88 (Progranulin) Serum Levels Are Suggested as Supportive Biomarkers for Therapy Decision in Elderly Prostate Cancer Patients.

Our study aimed to assess the applicability of miR-486 in combination with soluble GP88 protein as a diagnostic and/or predictive biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. miR-486 and GP88 levels in serum samples from 136 patients undergoing MRI-guided biopsy of the prostate were assessed by qRT−PCR and ELISA, respectively. Of these, 86 patients received a histologically confirmed diagnosis of PCa.

Progranulin/GP88, A Complex and Multifaceted Player of Tumor Growth by Direct Action and via the Tumor Microenvironment.

Investigation of the role of progranulin/GP88 on the proliferation and survival of a wide variety of cells has been steadily increasing. Several human diseases stem from progranulin dysregulation either through its overexpression in cancer or its absence as in the case of null mutations in some form of frontotemporal dementia. The present review focuses on the role of progranulin/GP88 in cancer development, progression, and drug resistance.

Combination of GP88 Expression in Tumor Cells and Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells Is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Bladder Cancer Patients.

Urothelial bladder cancer (BCa) is the ninth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and accounts for approximately 3% of global cancer diagnoses. We are interested in prognostic markers that may characterize tumor cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs) and their relationship in BCa. A potential candidate marker that meets these criteria is progranulin (GP88), which is expressed separately in TCs and ICs.

Serum GP88 as a predictive biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with viral hepatitis C after direct-acting antiviral agents.

Background: Progranulin (GP88) is an 88-kDa glycoprotein growth factor with important biological effects in tumorigenesis and tumour survival. We investigated the usefulness of measuring serum GP88 concentrations as a predictive biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with viral hepatitis C after treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents.

Methods: We measured the serum GP88 concentrations by using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay from 67 healthy control subjects and 29 patients (20 patients who did not develop hepatocellular carcinoma and 9 patients who developed hepatocellular carcinoma after treatment) with viral hepatitis C after treatment with asunaprevir and daclatasvir.

GP88/PGRN Serum Levels Are Associated with Prognosis for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Progranulin (PGRN)/GP88 is a growth factor that is expressed in a wide range of tumor tissues. The secreted form is involved in various biological processes including proliferation and inflammation. In several tumor types, the serum GP88 level is associated with a patient's prognosis; however, data for oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) have not yet been reported.

Anti-progranulin/GP88 antibody AG01 inhibits triple negative breast cancer cell proliferation and migration.

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by invasiveness and short survival. Identifying novel TNBC-targeted therapies, to potentiate standard of care (SOC) therapy, is an unmet need. Progranulin (PGRN/GP88) is a biological driver of tumorigenesis, survival, and drug resistance in several cancers including breast cancer (BC).

Identification of Prostaglandin F2 Receptor Negative Regulator (PTGFRN) as an internalizable target in cancer cells for antibody-drug conjugate development.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are effective antibody-based therapeutics for hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors. However, there is need to identify new targets for ADCs, particularly for solid tumors and cancers with unmet needs. From a hybridoma library developed against cancer cells, we selected the mouse monoclonal antibody 33B7, which was able to bind to, and internalize, cancer cell lines.

Progranulin depletion inhibits proliferation via the transforming growth factor beta/SMAD family member 2 signaling axis in Kasumi-1 cells.

Progranulin is an autocrine growth factor that promotes proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance of various cancer cells. These mechanisms mainly depend on the protein kinase B (Akt)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Recent studies have shown that patients with hematopoietic cancer have elevated serum progranulin levels.

Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of gastrointestinal stromal tumors with high progranulin expression.

Background & Aims: Progranulin (PGRN) is known to promote tumorigenesis and proliferation of several types of cancer cells. However, little is known about the clinicopathological features of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) with regard to PGRN expression.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with GISTs who underwent curative surgical resection between 2007 and 2017.

Expression of AR-V7 (Androgen Receptor Variant 7) Protein in Granular Cytoplasmic Structures Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Prostate Cancer Patients.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer, causing morbidity and mortality among men world-wide. The expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and its splice variants is a crucial factor of prostate cancer biology that has not been comprehensively studied in PCa tumors. The aim of this study was to characterize the protein expression of the AR and its splice variant, AR-V7, and their subcellular distributions in PCa by immunohistochemistry and to correlate the results to the clinicopathological data and prognosis.

Association of Serum Progranulin Levels With Disease Progression, Therapy Response and Survival in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Background: Progranulin (GP88) is a critical player in breast tumorigenesis. GP88 tumor expression is associated with increased recurrence and mortality, whereas GP88 circulating levels are elevated in patients with breast cancer compared with healthy individuals. We examined here the correlation between serum GP88 levels in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with overall survival and disease status determined as response to therapy or progression of disease.

Expression of GP88 (Progranulin) Protein Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Prostate Cancer Patients.

Prostate cancer, the second most common cancer, is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality among men worldwide. The expression of the survival and proliferation factor progranulin (GP88) has not yet been comprehensively studied in PCa tumors. The aim of this study was to characterize GP88 protein expression in PCa by immunohistochemistry and to correlate the findings to the clinico-pathological data and prognosis.

Prognostic Value of Progranulin in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Treated with Curative Resection.

Progranulin (PGRN) has been characterized as an autocrine growth and survival factor and is known to stimulate tumorigenesis and proliferation of several types of cancer cell. However, little is known about the prognostic role of PGRN in colorectal cancer (CRC). A retrospective analysis was performed for patients with colorectal cancer who underwent curative resection between May 2013 and June 2015.

Expression of GP88 (progranulin) in serum of prostate cancer patients is associated with Gleason scores and overall survival.

Background: GP88/Progranulin is a well-recognized cell growth promoter in different cancers, and elevated serum GP88 levels have been described as negative prognostic factor in breast cancer. However, serum levels in prostate cancer (PCa) patients have not yet been studied.

Material And Methods: We analyzed serum GP88 levels by enzyme immunosorbent assay and correlated them with clinicopathological parameters in PCa patients.

Immunohistochemical Detection of Progranulin (PGRN/GP88/GEP) in Tumor Tissues as a Cancer Prognostic Biomarker.

Immunohistochemistry is a well characterized and robust staining technique for the identification and localization of proteins in biological tissues. The following methodology describes the process for identifying progranulin (PGRN/GP88/GEP) in the cellular cytoplasm of target tissues such as tumor biopsies. Such tissue is collected from cancer patients and stabilized using formalin-fixed paraffin embedding after which 4-5 μm sections of the tissue are mounted on positively charged microscope slides.

Measurement of Circulating Progranulin (PGRN/GP88/GEP) by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Application in Human Diseases.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a well-established methodology for detection of analytes in various biological fluids. The assay described herein has been validated for the detection of PGRN/GP88/GEP in blood (serum/ plasma), urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and synovial fluid and may also be used for breast milk, ductal lavage, nipple aspirates, and saliva. The ability to measure circulating levels of PGRN/GP88/GEP has proven to have clinical utility for several human diseases such as cancer where changes of PGRN/GP88/GEP can be determined as a mean to monitor disease status or response to therapy.

Progranulin levels in blood in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment.

Objective: Changes in progranulin () expression have been hypothesized to alter risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the relationship between expression in peripheral blood and clinical diagnosis of AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: Peripheral blood progranulin gene expression was measured, using microarrays from Alzheimer's ( = 186), MCI ( = 118), and control ( = 204) subjects from the University of California San Francisco Memory and Aging Center (UCSF-MAC) and two independent published series (AddNeuroMed and ADNI).

A tribute to Dr. Gordon Hisashi Sato (December 24, 1927-March 31, 2017).

Gordon H. Sato, an innovator in mammalian tissue culture and integrated cellular physiology, passed away in 2017. In tribute to Dr.

Higher levels of progranulin in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with lymphoma and carcinoma with CNS metastasis.

Assessing central nervous system (CNS) involvement in patients with lymphoma or carcinoma is important in determining therapy and prognosis. Progranulin (PGRN) is a secreted glycosylated protein with roles in cancer growth and survival; it is highly expressed in aggressive cancer cell lines and specimens from many cancer types. We examined PRGN levels by Enzyme Immuno-Assay (EIA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 230 patients, including 18 with lymphoma [12 with CNS metastasis (CNS); 6 without CNS metastasis (CNS)], 21 with carcinomas (10 CNS; 11 CNS), and 191 control patients with non-cancer neurological diseases, and compared PRGN levels among these disease groups.

Association between increased serum GP88 (progranulin) concentrations and prognosis in patients with malignant lymphomas.

Background: GP88 (progranulin; PGRN) is a secreted 88kDa glycosylated protein, with important functions, including inflammation and tumorigenesis. We assessed the significance of GP88 expression in survival outcomes of patients with malignant lymphoma (ML).

Methods: Serum samples from 254 previously untreated ML patients were examined to measure GP88 concentrations using a sandwich human GP88 ELISA kit.

Increased cerebrospinal fluid progranulin correlates with interleukin-6 in the acute phase of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.

We examined progranulin (PGRN) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples during the acute phase in 15 patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and compared the results with those from 17 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 30 patients with other inflammatory neurological diseases (OIND), and 20 non-inflammatory controls (NIC). CSF PGRN levels of NMOSD patients were significantly higher than those of MS patients and NICs. These levels correlated with CSF interleukin-6 levels, CSF cell counts, CSF protein levels, improvements in the Expanded Disability Status Scale score, and affected total spinal cord lesion length in the NMOSD patients.

Potential of Theranostic Target Mining in the Development of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Products in Oncology: Progranulin/GP88 as a Therapeutic and Diagnostic Target for Breast and Lung Cancers.

Biological therapy with companion diagnostic such as the combination of anti-Her-2 therapy (Herceptin™) and measurement of Her-2 expression in breast tumors (HercepTest™) has proven successful in Oncology. Screening targets that have both diagnostic and therapeutic applications (theranostic targets) at the discovery stage should provide the best strategy for the development of novel targeted therapies with companion diag- nostics in Oncology. This strategy is at the basis of the product pipeline developed by A&G Pharmaceutical.