sp. nov and sp. nov., isolated from raw cow's milk.

Four Gram-positive, rod-shaped, none-sporeforming, non-motile isolates were obtained from various raw milk samples taken from the cooling tank on a research farm in Königswinter, Germany. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA genes and whole genome sequences, all isolates were assigned to the genus , but were divided in two different groups. All isolates contained C 9 and C as predominant fatty acids, as well as traces of C.

Substrate Inhibition of 5β-Δ-3-Ketosteroid Dehydrogenase in sp. Strain Chol11 Acts as Circuit Breaker During Growth With Toxic Bile Salts.

In contrast to many steroid hormones and cholesterol, mammalian bile salts are 5β-steroids, which leads to a bent structure of the steroid core. Bile salts are surface-active steroids excreted into the environment in large amounts, where they are subject to bacterial degradation. Bacterial steroid degradation is initiated by the oxidation of the A-ring leading to canonical Δ-3-keto steroids with a double bond in the A-ring.