Naturally Occurring Food Chemical Components and Extraintestinal and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Adults: A Systematic Review.

Objective: This systematic review aims to synthesise existing literature to examine the relationship between natural food chemical components and reported symptoms.

Design: A systematic literature review was completed. Databases CINAHL (Ebscohost), Medline (Ovid), Scopus, Informit Health and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant articles.

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Adverse Human Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies.

Our aim was to conduct an umbrella review of evidence from meta-analyses of observational studies investigating the link between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and human health outcomes. Using predefined evidence classification criteria, we evaluated evidence from 47 meta-analyses encompassing 22,055,269 individuals. Overall, 79% of these analyses indicated direct associations between greater sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and higher risks of adverse health outcomes.

Practical application of the Crohn's disease exclusion diet as therapy in an adult Australian population.

There is demand from patients and clinicians to use the Crohn's disease exclusion diet (CDED) with or without partial enteral nutrition (PEN). However, the therapeutic efficacy and nutritional adequacy of this therapy are rudimentary in an adult population. This review examines the evidence for the CDED in adults with active luminal Crohn's disease and aims to provide practical guidance on the use of the CDED in Australian adults.

Adolescent athletes have better general than sports nutrition knowledge and lack awareness of supplement recommendations: a systematic literature review.

Nutrition knowledge (NK) impacts food choices and may be improved through educational programmes. Identifying knowledge gaps related to NK among adolescent athletes may guide future nutrition education programmes. This review aimed to systematically review the level of NK in adolescent athletes based on the currently available published literature.

Nutritional intake in high-performance para athletes.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the eating habits of para-athletes who attended a specialized training center in Brazil.

Methods: Participants were recruited from the Sports Training Center at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil. Energy, macronutrient (expressed in absolute terms and relative to body weight), fiber, cholesterol, and micronutrient intakes were assessed via a food frequency questionnaire, based on intakes over the preceding 12 mo.

A systematic review of interventions targeting modifiable factors that impact dietary intake in athletes.

Appropriate dietary intake has been found to positively impact athletes' performance, body composition and recovery from exercise. Strategies to optimise dietary intake often involve targeting one or more of the many factors that are known to influence dietary intake. This review aims to investigate the types and effectiveness of interventions used to impact modifiable factors of dietary intake in athletes.

Overweight and Obesity: The Interplay of Eating Habits and Physical Activity.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been steadily increasing over the last 50 years, with worldwide obesity rates tripling since 1975, thus reaching pandemic proportions [...

Processed Food as a Risk Factor for the Development and Perpetuation of Crohn's Disease-The ENIGMA Study.

(1) Background: Developing countries have experienced a rapid recent rise in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) incidence and emerging evidence suggests processed foods and food additives may predispose one to the development and perpetuation of Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to evaluate processed food and food additive intake in CD patients and controls, in Australia (high CD incidence), Hong Kong (intermediate incidence) and mainland China (emerging incidence). (2) Methods: In 274 CD patients (CD), 82 first-degree relatives (FDR), 83 household members (HM) and 92 healthy unrelated controls (HC) from Australia (n = 180), Hong Kong (HK) (n = 160) and mainland China (n = 191) we estimated early life (0-18 years), recent (12 months), and current processed and food additive intake, using validated questionnaires and a 3-day-food diary.

Attitudes and Opinions of Parents towards Water-Only Drink Policy at Junior Triathlon Events.

Rates of childhood obesity within Australia continue to rise, with consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages one contributing factor. Community sport provides an opportunity to implement policies promoting water as the beverage of choice. However, the attitudes of parents toward a water-only policy are not known.

Childhood antibiotics as a risk factor for Crohn's disease: The ENIGMA International Cohort Study.

Background And Aim: Environmental factors play a key role in development of Crohn's disease (CD), thought to be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota. We aimed to delineate the potential contribution of antibiotic exposure to subsequent development of CD, across diverse geographical populations.

Methods: This case-control study in Australia and three cities in China (Hong Kong, Guangzhou, and Kunming) included four groups: patients with CD, at-risk individuals including non-affected first-degree relatives (FDRs) and household members of CD patients (HM), and unrelated healthy controls (HCs).

Diet and gut microbiome in gastrointestinal disease.

The composition and function of the dynamic microbial community that constitutes the gut microbiome is continuously shaped by the host genome, mode of birth delivery, geography, life stage, antibiotic consumption, and diet. Diet is one of the most potent factors in determining microbiome integrity. Dietary factors in early life appear to substantially determine the risk of later health or disease; for example, exposure to ultra-processed foods in childhood or adolescence may increase the risk of the later development of inflammatory bowel disease or colorectal cancer, thought to be mediated by modulation of the gut microbiota.

A systematic review update of athletes' nutrition knowledge and association with dietary intake.

Athletes' dietary intakes sometimes do not meet sports nutrition guidelines. Nutrition knowledge (NK) is one factor that may influence dietary intake, but NK measurement tools are often outdated or unvalidated, and results regarding athletes' NK are equivocal. The aims of this systematic review were to update previous systematic reviews by examining athletes' NK and to assess the relationship between athletes' general NK, sport NK and dietary intake.

The Dietary Inflammatory Index and Human Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies.

Numerous observational studies have investigated the role of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) in chronic disease risk. The aims of this umbrella review and integrated meta-analyses were to systematically synthesize the observational evidence reporting on the associations between the DII and health outcomes based on meta-analyses, and to assess the quality and strength of the evidence for each associated outcome. This umbrella review with integrated meta-analyses investigated the association between the DII and a range of health outcomes based on meta-analyses of observational data.

Development and Validation of Surveys to Estimate Food Additive Intake.

(1) Background: The Food Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) International Food Standards (hereafter, CODEX) declares additives non-toxic, but they have been associated with changes to the microbiota changes and thinning of the mucus layer of the gut. Their widespread use has occurred in parallel with increased inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence. This paper reports on the development and validation of surveys to estimate additive intake.

Dietary Guidance From the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Recent evidence points to a plausible role of diet and the microbiome in the pathogenesis of both Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). Dietary therapies based on exclusion of table foods and replacement with nutritional formulas and/or a combination of nutritional formulas and specific table foods may induce remission in CD. In UC, specific dietary components have also been associated with flare of disease.

Australian team sports athletes prefer dietitians, the internet and nutritionists for sports nutrition information.

Aim: To evaluate the information sources that are used and preferred by Australian athletes and to assess if preferences influence nutrition knowledge (NK).

Methods: Elite and non-elite Australian team sport athletes, playing Australian football (AF), cricket, lawn bowls, soccer or hockey, were recruited via the sporting organisations' qualified sports dietitians or club presidents. Athletes completed one of two online, validated sports NK questionnaires.

Modifications to the nutrition for sport knowledge questionnaire (NSQK) and abridged nutrition for sport knowledge questionnaire (ANSKQ).

New evidence and feedback from colleagues have led to modifications to the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) and Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (ANSKQ). The changes predominately affect questions regarding the nutrient content of foods, protein recommendations and the legality of supplements. Some English language edits have also been made.

Australian Football Athletes Lack Awareness of Current Sport Nutrition Guidelines.

Sports nutrition is an evolving field, but there is a lack of data on Australian athletes' knowledge of current sports nutrition guidelines. Additionally, several tools used to assess nutrition knowledge (NK) have not undergone adequate validation. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the sports NK of elite and nonelite Australian football (AF) athletes using a newly validated questionnaire-The Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire.

Development and validation of a brief general and sports nutrition knowledge questionnaire and assessment of athletes' nutrition knowledge.

Background: The Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) is an 89-item, valid and reliable measure of sports nutrition knowledge (SNK). It takes 25 min to complete and has been subject to low completion and response rates. The aim of this study was to develop an abridged version of the NSKQ (A-NSKQ) and compare response rates, completion rates and NK scores of the NSKQ and A-NSKQ.

The effect of high-polyphenol extra virgin olive oil on cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The polyphenol fraction of extra-virgin olive oil may be partly responsible for its cardioprotective effects. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of high versus low polyphenol olive oil on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in clinical trials. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, CINAHL, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for relevant studies.

The nutrition for sport knowledge questionnaire (NSKQ): development and validation using classical test theory and Rasch analysis.

Background: Appropriate dietary intake can have a significant influence on athletic performance. There is a growing consensus on sports nutrition and professionals working with athletes often provide dietary education. However, due to the limitations of existing sports nutrition knowledge questionnaires, previous reports of athletes' nutrition knowledge may be inaccurate.

Developing and validating a nutrition knowledge questionnaire: key methods and considerations.

Objective: To outline key statistical considerations and detailed methodologies for the development and evaluation of a valid and reliable nutrition knowledge questionnaire.

Design: Literature on questionnaire development in a range of fields was reviewed and a set of evidence-based guidelines specific to the creation of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire have been developed. The recommendations describe key qualitative methods and statistical considerations, and include relevant examples from previous papers and existing nutrition knowledge questionnaires.

A Systematic Review of Athletes' and Coaches' Nutrition Knowledge and Reflections on the Quality of Current Nutrition Knowledge Measures.

Context: Nutrition knowledge can influence dietary choices and impact on athletic performance. Valid and reliable measures are needed to assess the nutrition knowledge of athletes and coaches.

Objectives: (1) To systematically review the published literature on nutrition knowledge of adult athletes and coaches and (2) to assess the quality of measures used to assess nutrition knowledge.