A review of Prader-Willi syndrome.

Prader-Willi syndrome is a rare and complex genetic disorder with multiple physical and behavioral characteristics, affecting endocrine, metabolic, and neurologic systems and producing a plethora of medical complications. Early identification and diagnosis are paramount to providing timely and appropriate interventions to improve patient outcomes. Treatment should focus on neonatal feeding and growth, followed by hormonal therapy for hypothalamic dysfunction, and should then be directed at the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related complications.

Diagnostic Certainty in Characterizing Liver Lesions in Rectal Cancer: Abbreviated Liver MRI versus CT.

Background: Early diagnosis of metastases is crucial but routine staging with contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (ceMDCT) is suboptimal. A total of 20% will have indeterminate or too small to characterize (TSTC) liver lesions on CT, requiring formal characterization by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This UK cross-sectional study reports our experience undertaking routine abbreviated liver MRI (MRI).

MRI of the Rectum: A Decade into DISTANCE, Moving to DISTANCED.

Over the past decade, advancements in rectal cancer research have reshaped treatment paradigms. Historically, treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer has focused on neoadjuvant long-course chemoradiotherapy, followed by total mesorectal excision. Interest in organ preservation strategies has been strengthened by the introduction of total neoadjuvant therapy with improved rates of complete clinical response.

Pelvic exenteration for locally advanced rectal cancer and associated outcomes in England between 1995 and 2016: Analysis of a national database.

Aim: The clinical burden of pelvic exenteration (PE) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is nationally under-reported. The widespread use of pelvic MRI since 2005 has increased the accuracy of local staging and awareness of the need for 'beyond TME (total mesorectal excision)' surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the volume of patients undergoing PE within England, which factors affected survival outcomes and whether the use of MRI has influenced these outcomes.

Management of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: ASCO Guideline.

. .PURPOSETo provide evidence-based guidance for clinicians who treat patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

Oncological outcomes of local excision versus radical surgery for early rectal cancer in the context of staging and surveillance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Local resection (LR) methods for rectal cancer are generally considered in the palliative setting or for patients deemed a high anaesthetic risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare oncological outcomes of LR and radical resection (RR) for early rectal cancer in the context of staging and surveillance assessment.

Methods: A literature search of MEDLINE, Embase and Emcare databases was performed for studies that reported data on clinical outcomes for both LR and RR for early rectal cancer from January 1995 to April 2023.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Treatments in the United States.

Introduction: Racial and ethnic disparities in patient outcomes following COVID-19 exist, in part, due to factors involving healthcare delivery. The aim of the study was to characterize disparities in the administration of evidence-based COVID-19 treatments among patients hospitalized for COVID-19.

Methods: Using a large, US hospital database, initiation of COVID-19 treatments was compared among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between May 2020 and April 2022 according to patient race and ethnicity.

Radiological Biomarkers in MRI directed Rectal Cancer Radiotherapy Volume Delineation.

Our study evaluated whether an MRI reporting system highlighting areas of contiguous and discontinuous extramural venous invasion (EMVI) can improve the accuracy of gross tumour volume (GTV) delineation. Initially, 27 consecutive patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated between 2012 and 2014 were evaluated. We used an MRI reporting proforma that documented the position of the primary tumour, lymph nodes and EMVI.

No Health Equity Without Diversity: Strengthening Nursing Programs in Historically Black Colleges and Universities.

In April 2022, Adtalem Global Education sponsored a virtual summit entitled , in which several of the authors of this article and other prominent health-care professionals examined the need to diversify the health-care profession. Topics included educational justice and its impact on health care, the business case for transforming and advancing health equity, and addressing systemic inequities and improving health outcomes for historically marginalized persons. The summit inspired the authors to write this paper to advocate for authentic, sustainable partnerships led by Historically Black Colleges and Universities, as a means to diversify nursing leadership and to stem systemic and structural inequities in health care.

Implications of the new MRI-based rectum definition according to the sigmoid take-off: multicentre cohort study.

Background: The introduction of the sigmoid take-off definition might lead to a shift from rectal cancers to sigmoid cancers. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to determine the clinical impact of the new definition.

Methods: In this multicentre retrospective cohort study, patients were included if they underwent an elective, curative total mesorectal excision for non-metastasized rectal cancer between January 2015 and December 2017, were registered in the Dutch Colorectal Audit as having a rectal cancer according to the previous definition, and if MRI was available.

Inter-rater agreement between radiologists using the novel CT-TDV (T3c+; tumour deposits; EMVI) system in patients with potentially curable right colon cancer.

Objectives: The novel CT-TDV scoring system, identifying T3 + disease; the presence/absence of tumour deposits and EMVI has been shown to be superior in predicting prognosis when compared to the CT-TNM staging system in the evaluation of colon cancer. Reproducibility of this scoring system between specialist GI radiologists has not been assessed previously. The aim of this study was to assess the inter-rater agreement of gastrointestinal radiologists in assessing the novel pre-operative CT-TDV scoring of patients with potentially curable right-sided colon cancer.

Adolescent and young adult research across the HIV prevention and care continua: an international programme analysis and targeted review.

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to rise in young people among low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) supports the largest public investment in HIV research globally. Despite advancements in the last decade, adolescents and young adults (AYA) remain underrepresented in research to improve HIV prevention and care.

Long-term success for people living with HIV: A framework to guide practice.

Objectives: In recent decades, the needs of people living with HIV have evolved as life expectancy has greatly improved. Now, a new definition of long-term success (LTS) is necessary to help address the multifaceted needs of all people living with HIV.

Methods: We conducted a two-phase research programme to delineate the range of experiences of people living with HIV.

Why we need to re-define long-term success for people living with HIV.

Over the past few decades, the life expectancy of people living with HIV has markedly improved due to the advances in HIV diagnosis, linkage to care, and treatment. However, with these advances, a new set of challenges has emerged that must be addressed to ensure the long-term well-being of people living with HIV. In this article, as part of a wider journal supplement, we explore the unmet needs and challenges across the HIV continuum of care and re-define what long-term success looks like to support the healthy ageing of all people affected by HIV.

Promoting health equity with HBCUs: Breaking away from structural racism.

Background: The United States continues to be plagued with pervasive health disparities. Leading health and professional organizations acknowledge structural racism as a contributing factor for the lack of a racially diverse nursing workforce particularly those serving in leadership roles which could help to mitigate health disparities among historically stigmatized populations.

Purpose: Purpose Lack of funding for Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and lack of meaningful partnerships, stymie efforts that can be made by nursing programs at HBCUs.

Beyond Total Mesorectal Excision: Compartment-based Anatomy of the Pelvis Revisited for Exenterative Pelvic Surgery.

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging-based subdivision of the pelvis into 7 compartments has been proposed for pelvic exenteration. The aim of the present anatomical study was to describe the topographic anatomy of these compartments and define relevant landmarks and surgical dissection planes.

Background: Pelvic anatomy as it relates to exenterative surgery is complex.

PAs in Myanmar: Courage and humanitarianism required.

Myanmar might be the most recent country to graduate its first class of physician assistants (PAs). The country has a history of medics serving in underserved areas, but graduated its first six PAs in 2020, after a 5-year training program. These clinicians will care for a largely rural population, who live in areas of unreliable infrastructure and security.

Training of radiology specialists in local staging of primary rectal cancer on MRI: a prospective intervention study exploring the impact of various educational elements on the interpretive performance.

Background: MRI interpretation and accurate radiological staging are crucial to the important treatment decisions and a consequent successful patient outcome in rectal cancer.

Aims: To investigate the effect of intensive training on rectal cancer MRI staging performance of radiologists and the impact of different course elements on learning outcomes.

Methods: In this prospective intervention study, 17 radiology specialists and 1 radiology registrar participated in a training programme including a 6-hour imaging workshop, a 3-hour session of individual feedback and independent MRI readings of primary rectal cancer cases.

Relationship Between Baseline Rectal Tumor Length and Magnetic Resonance Tumor Regression Grade Response to Chemoradiotherapy: A Subanalysis of the TRIGGER Feasibility Study.

Background: It is widely believed that small rectal tumors are more likely to have a good response to neoadjuvant treatment, which may influence the selection of patients for a 'watch and wait' strategy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between baseline tumor length on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and response to chemoradiotherapy.

Method: The 96 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer randomised (2:1-intervention:control) in the TRIGGER feasibility study where eligible.

Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer According to a Standardized MRI Classification System: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

(1) Background: The classification of locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) is not currently standardized. The aim of this review was to evaluate pelvic LRRC according to the Beyond TME (BTME) classification system and to consider commonly associated primary tumour characteristics. (2) Methods: A systematic review of the literature prior to April 2020 was performed through electronic searches of the Science Citation Index Expanded, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL databases.