Characterizing respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, RSV infections deviated from a previously reliable epidemiologic pattern of presentation. To investigate whether this change in RSV seasonality resulted in a change in frequency and severity of RSV infections, this single center retrospective study compares demographic and hospital factors during RSV seasons before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Included were patients under age 5 years who tested positive for RSV only by RT-PCR in our pediatric emergency departments during the last three RSV seasons before the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020, as compared to the first three seasons after the pandemic started.

Using machine learning to dissect host kinases required for Leishmania internalization and development.

The Leishmania life cycle alternates between promastigotes, found in the sandfly, and amastigotes, found in mammals. When an infected sandfly bites a host, promastigotes are engulfed by phagocytes (i.e.

Using machine learning to dissect host kinases required for internalization and development.

The life cycle alternates between promastigotes, found in the sandfly, and amastigotes, found in mammals. When an infected sandfly bites a host, promastigotes are engulfed by phagocytes (., neutrophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages) to establish infection.

Pediatric human nose organoids demonstrate greater susceptibility, epithelial responses, and cytotoxicity than adults during RSV infection.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory infections, causing significant morbidity and mortality, especially in young children. Why RSV infection in children is more severe as compared to healthy adults is not fully understood. In the present study, we infect both pediatric and adult human nose organoid-air liquid interface (HNO-ALIs) cell lines with two contemporary RSV isolates and demonstrate how they differ in virus replication, induction of the epithelial cytokine response, cell injury, and remodeling.

Surveillance cardiopulmonary exercise testing can risk-stratify childhood cancer survivors: underlying pathophysiology of poor exercise performance and possible room for improvement.

Background: Asymptomatic childhood cancer survivors (CCS) frequently show decreased exercise performance. Poor exercise performance may indicate impaired future cardiovascular health.

Methods: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed in asymptomatic off-treatment CCS (age ≥ 10 years).

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Characterizes Silent Cardiovascular Abnormalities in Asymptomatic Pediatric Cancer Survivors.

Late-onset cardiovascular complications are serious concerns for pediatric cancer survivors (PCS) including those who are asymptomatic. We investigated whether cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can delineate the underlying pathophysiology of preclinical cardiovascular abnormalities in PCS. We examined CPET data via cycle ergometer in asymptomatic PCS with normal echocardiogram and age-matched controls.

Multiple Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Strains Infecting HEp-2 and A549 Cells Reveal Cell Line-Dependent Differences in Resistance to RSV Infection.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of pediatric acute respiratory infection worldwide. There are currently no approved vaccines or antivirals to combat RSV disease. A few transformed cell lines and two historic strains have been extensively used to study RSV.

The Human Nose Organoid Respiratory Virus Model: an Human Challenge Model To Study Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Pathogenesis and Evaluate Therapeutics.

There is an unmet need for preclinical models to understand the pathogenesis of human respiratory viruses and predict responsiveness to immunotherapies. Airway organoids can serve as an human airway model to study respiratory viral pathogenesis; however, they rely on invasive techniques to obtain patient samples. Here, we report a noninvasive technique to generate human nose organoids (HNOs) as an alternative to biopsy-derived organoids.

A Combined Analysis of Peak and Submaximal Exercise Parameters in Delineating Underlying Mechanisms of Sex Differences in Healthy Adolescents.

Peak exercise parameters are considered the gold standard to quantify cardiac reserve in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). We studied whether submaximal parameters would add additional values in analyzing sex differences in CPET. We reviewed CPET of age-matched healthy male and female adolescents by cycle ergometer.

The human nose organoid respiratory virus model: an ex-vivo human challenge model to study RSV and SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and evaluate therapeutics.

There is an unmet need for pre-clinical models to understand the pathogenesis of human respiratory viruses; and predict responsiveness to immunotherapies. Airway organoids can serve as an ex-vivo human airway model to study respiratory viral pathogenesis; however, they rely on invasive techniques to obtain patient samples. Here, we report a non-invasive technique to generate human nose organoids (HNOs) as an alternate to biopsy derived organoids.

Visualization and Lineage Tracing of Pax7 Spermatogonial Stem Cells in the Mouse.

The precise identity of spermatogonial stem cells-the germline stem cell of the adult testis-remains a controversial topic. Technical limitations have included the lack of specific markers and methods for lineage tracing of A spermatogonia and their subsets. Immunolocalization of proteins in tissue sections has been a standard tool for the in situ identification and visualization of rare cellular subsets.

Regulation of FOXO3 subcellular localization by Kit ligand in the neonatal mouse ovary.

Purpose: Foxo3 protein is required in the oocyte nucleus for the maintenance of primordial follicles in a dormant state. PI3K/AKT-dependent phosphorylation of Foxo3 leads to its relocalization to the cytoplasm and subsequent follicular activation. However, the nature of the upstream signals controlling Foxo3 activity and subcellular localization remains unknown.

LKB1 loss promotes endometrial cancer progression via CCL2-dependent macrophage recruitment.

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy and the fourth most common malignancy in women. For most patients in whom the disease is confined to the uterus, treatment results in successful remission; however, there are no curative treatments for tumors that have progressed beyond the uterus. The serine/threonine kinase LKB1 has been identified as a potent suppressor of uterine cancer, but the biological modes of action of LKB1 in this context remain incompletely understood.

PAX7 expression defines germline stem cells in the adult testis.

Spermatogenesis is a complex, multistep process that maintains male fertility and is sustained by rare germline stem cells. Spermatogenic progression begins with spermatogonia, populations of which express distinct markers. The identity of the spermatogonial stem cell population in the undisturbed testis is controversial due to a lack of reliable and specific markers.

Gonadal expression of Foxo1, but not Foxo3, is conserved in diverse Mammalian species.

The Foxos are key effectors of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and regulate diverse physiologic processes. Two of these factors, Foxo1 and Foxo3, serve specific roles in reproduction in the mouse. Foxo3 is required for suppression of primordial follicle activation in females, while Foxo1 regulates spermatogonial stem cell maintenance in males.

Heterogeneity of horizontal cells in the chicken retina.

Despite numerous reports that different markers are expressed by horizontal cells in the avian retina, it remains unknown whether different types of horizontal cells can be defined by differences in their immunocytochemical profiles. The purpose of this study was to rectify this deficiency. We identified horizontal cells by indirect immunofluorescence with antibodies to calretinin, trkA, GABA, Prox1, AP2alpha, Pax6, islet1, and Lim1 + 2.