Patients with COVID-19 can develop excessive inflammation in the brain and consequent neurological complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory, endothelial and brain injury markers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and compare those with or without neurological symptoms. A total of 30 intensive care unit (ICU) COVID-19 patients were allocated into COVID-19 (without neurological symptoms) or neuro-COVID-19 (with neurological symptoms) groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSepsis is a potentially fatal clinical condition that results from an immune imbalance in the host during an infection. It presents systemic alterations due to excessive activation of pro-inflammatory mediators that contribute to inflammation, formation of reactive species, and tissue damage. Anti-inflammatory mediators are then extensively activated to regulate this process, leading to immune exhaustion and, consequently, immunosuppression of the host.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Purpose: Leishmaniasis is a globally prevalent vector-borne disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. The available chemotherapeutic drugs present problems related to efficacy, emergence of parasite resistance, toxicity and high cost, justifying the search for new drugs. Several classes of compounds have demonstrated activity against Leishmania, including icetexane-type diterpenes, previously isolated from Salvia and other Lamiaceae genera.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Several risk factors have been involved in the poor clinical progression of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), including ageing, and obesity. SARS-CoV-2 may compromise lung function through cell damage and paracrine inflammation; and obesity has been associated with premature immunosenescence, microbial translocation, and dysfunctional innate immune responses leading to poor immune response against a range of viruses and bacterial infections. Here, we have comprehensively characterized the immunosenescence, microbial translocation, and immune dysregulation established in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with different degrees of body weight.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrit Care Sci
December 2023
Objective: To update the recommendations to support decisions regarding the pharmacological treatment of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Brazil.
Methods: Experts, including representatives of the Ministry of Health and methodologists, created this guideline. The method used for the rapid development of guidelines was based on the adoption and/or adaptation of existing international guidelines (GRADE ADOLOPMENT) and supported by the e-COVID-19 RecMap platform.
Objective: To investigate the role of central obesity on immunometabolic response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from normal weight and overweight/obese young men.
Methods: Eighteen individuals were classified as normal weight (NW; n = 9 - age: 25 ± 5 and BMI: 21.4 ± 1.
Obesity has been linked to cognitive decline and adverse effects on brain health. Zinc (Zn) is a mineral with important metabolic functions that can modulate obesity-related neurological impairment. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of 12 weeks of Zn supplementation on the inflammatory profile, cognitive function, and mood of overweight or obese women through a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Immunol
September 2023
Objective: This study aimed to compare the influence of a high carbohydrate meal versus high-fat meal on the oxidation of substrates during an exercise incremental test.
Materials And Methods: Ten untrained male subjects underwent two days of the protocol. Randomly, they received a high carbohydrate meal or a high-fat meal, receiving the other one in the next protocol.
Background: Promising results in improvement of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have been identified following probiotic (PRO) treatment.
Objectives: To evaluate PRO supplementation on hepatic fibrosis, inflammatory and metabolic markers, and gut microbiota in NASH patients.
Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 48 patients with NASH with a median age of 58 y and median BMI of 32.
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the world experienced social distancing that resulted in changes in habits and lifestyle. Such changes can compromise healthy eating habits and the practice of physical activities, known risk factors for developing weight gain and obesity.
Objective: The main objective of this study was to describe the change in eating habits, lifestyle, and cognition of the population of Rio Grande do Sul, a state in Southern Brazil, during social distancing due to COVID-19.
The exposure to traffic-related air pollutants, such as NO and O, are associated with detrimental health effects, becoming one of the greatest public health issues worldwide. Exercising in polluted environments could result in harmful outcomes for health and may blunt the physiological adaptations of exercise training. This study aimed to investigate the influence of physical activity and O exposure on redox status, an inflammatory marker, response to stress, and pulmonary toxicity of healthy young individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe practice of physical activity (PA) is a non-pharmacological variable that alters the immune response through changes in cytokines and cellular immunity. Inversely latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection prematurely ages the immune system and contributes to the chronic inflammatory condition in several diseases and in aging. This study aimed to compare the association of the PA level and CMV serostatus on whole blood mitogen-stimulated cytokine production of young individuals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigher endotoxin in the circulation may indicate a compromised state of host immune response against coinfections in severe COVID-19 patients. We evaluated the inflammatory response of monocytes from COVID-19 patients after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Whole blood samples of healthy controls, patients with mild COVID-19, and patients with severe COVID-19 were incubated with LPS for 2 h.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Sepsis is a severe global health problem, with high morbidity and mortality. In sepsis, one of the main affected organs is the liver. Hepatic alterations characterize a negative prognostic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic redox state and inflammatory markers in intensive care unit (ICU) or non-ICU severe COVID-19 patients during the hospitalization period. Blood samples were collected at hospital admission (T1) (Controls and COVID-19 patients), 5-7 days after admission (T2: 5-7 days after hospital admission), and at the discharge time from the hospital (T3: 0-72 h before leaving hospital or death) to analyze systemic oxidative stress markers and inflammatory variables. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed in peripheral granulocytes and monocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo evaluate the impact of exercise training plasma on prostate cancer cell viability and proliferation. PC3 prostate cancer cells were incubated with plasma obtained from young men with high and low physical fitness (PF) (high PF, = 5; low PF, = 5) and with the plasma collected from institutionalized older adults ( = 8) before and after multimodal exercise training. Cell viability and proliferation, mitochondria membrane polarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptosis were evaluated after the cell treatment with plasma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Long-term exposure to air pollution triggers metabolic alterations along with oxidative stress and inflammation, while exercise interventions are widely used to improve those parameters.
Objective: Our study aimed to determine the effects of subchronic exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM) and endurance exercise training on glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation of the heart and gastrocnemius muscle of rats.
Purinergic signaling modulates immune function and is involved in the immunopathogenesis of several viral infections. This study aimed to investigate alterations in purinergic pathways in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Mild and severe COVID-19 patients had lower extracellular adenosine triphosphate and adenosine levels, and higher cytokines than healthy controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMonocytes play a major role in the initial innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Although viral load may correlate with several clinical outcomes in COVID-19, much less is known regarding their impact on innate immune phenotype. We evaluated the monocyte phenotype and mitochondrial function in severe COVID-19 patients (n = 22) with different viral burden (determined by the median of viral load of the patients) at hospital admission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Environ Res Public Health
February 2022
Monocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations exhibit functions that vary between the anti- and pro-inflammatory spectrum, such as classic CD16- and non-classical CD16+monocytes, as well as T helper 2 lymphocytes (Th2), the Th1/Th17 lymphocytes ratio, and T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg). Metabolic disease-associated inflammation is accompanied by an imbalance in monocyte and lymphocyte phenotypes and functionality, as well as a stronger proportion of inflammatory subpopulations. These changes appear to be important for the development and progression of diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Schizophrenia is a mental illness and its pharmacological treatment consists in the administration of antipsychotics like haloperidol. However, haloperidol often causes extrapyramidal motor disorders such as tardive dyskinesia (TD). So far, there is no effective treatment against TD and alternatives for it have been sought.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMucosal barrier alterations may play a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including COVID-19. In this study we evaluate the association between bacterial translocation markers and systemic inflammation at the earliest time-point after hospitalization and at the last 72 h of hospitalization in survivors and non-survivors COVID-19 patients. Sixty-six SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive patients and nine non-COVID-19 pneumonia controls were admitted in this study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOzone (O) represents a great threat to human health, contributing to respiratory diseases and premature mortality. This pollutant is often considered a critical pollutant in regions of southern Brazil. Exposure to this pollutant during vigorous physical activity should be the subject of thorough investigations due to the increased ventilation rate and altered breathing pattern present during vigorous physical activity that result in greater inhalation of O.
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