HIV and AIDS in the state of Paraná, Brazil, 2007-2022: trends and spatiotemporal distribution.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the incidence rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the state of Paraná, Brazil.

Methods: An ecological study with an analytical component of time series analysis was conducted in the state of Paraná from 2007 to 2022. The data source was the Notifiable Diseases Information System.

"Educational Material on HIV": validity of health educational technology for people living with HIV.

Objectives: to validate the educational technology "Educational Material on HIV" (INPI - BR 10 2020 003765 0).

Methods: a methodological study with 39 expert judges in HIV/AIDS, using a 5-point Likert scale for assessment. Data were tabulated, processed and analyzed through descriptive analysis.

Managed clinical protocol: impact of implementation on sepsis treatment quality indicators.

Objectives: to assess the impact of the implementation of a managed sepsis protocol on quality indicators of treatment for septic patients in an emergency department of a university hospital.

Methods: an observational epidemiological study involving septic patients. The study was divided into two phases, pre-intervention and intervention, resulting from the implementation of the managed sepsis protocol.

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus Displaying Reduced Susceptibility to Vancomycin and High Biofilm-Forming Ability.

Background: Staphylococcus haemolyticus is one of the most frequently coagulasenegative staphylococci isolated from healthcare-associated infections, mainly those related to implanted medical devices.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and biofilm forming capacity of S. haemolyticus isolated from bloodstream infections.

Colonization by multidrug-resistant microorganisms of hospitalized newborns and their mothers in the neonatal unit context.

Introduction: The mother plays a fundamental role in the constitution and regulation of her child's healthy microbiota, however, preterm newborns are separated from their mothers soon after birth and transferred to Neonatal Intensive Care Units, being exposed the constant risk for the development of multidrug-resistant microorganisms' infections. The aim of this study was to explore the multidrug-resistant microorganism colonization of hospitalized babies and their mothers in the neonatal unit context.

Methodology: A prospective case study conducted with hospitalized babies and their mothers in the Neonatal Unit at a university hospital.

Colonization profile and duration by multi-resistant organisms in a prospective cohort of newborns after hospital discharge.

The aim of this study was to determine the spontaneous decolonization period and characteristics in a prospective cohort of newborns colonized by multidrug-resistant organisms, after their discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Multidrug resistance is defined as bacterial non-susceptibility to ≥ 1 agent of ≥ 3 antimicrobial categories. In total, 618 newborns were included in the study, of which 173 (28.

Hydrogel Containing Oleoresin From Presents Antibacterial Activity Against .

or Group B (GBS) remains a leading cause of neonatal infections worldwide; and the maternal vaginal-rectal colonization increases the risk of vertical transmission of GBS to neonates and development of infections. This study reports the antibacterial effect of the oleoresin from Jacq. L.

Impact of healthcare-associated infections on the hospitalization costs of children.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of Healthcare-Associated Infections on the hospitalization cost of children.

Method: A prospective, quantitative cohort study involving children admitted to the Inpatient and Pediatric Intensive Care Units of a public university hospital. The data were analyzed through SPSS software by frequency distribution, central tendency measures and dispersion.

Fatal sepsis caused by mecA-positive oxacillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus: First report in a tertiary hospital of southern Brazil.

mecA-positive oxacillin phenotypically susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (OS-MRSA) is increasingly reported worldwide. This bacterium poses a therapeutic threat, as it can be misidentified as an oxacillin-susceptible organism by phenotypic methods that are routinely used in the majority of clinical microbiology laboratories. Herein, we report the first case of fatal sepsis in a 43-year-old female patient caused by an OS-MRSA SCCmec type IVa/ST1/CC1 in a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil, which highlights the difficulties involved in diagnosing this bacterium.

Development of a melting-curve based multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of Streptococcus agalactiae and genes encoding resistance to macrolides and lincosamides.

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae or Group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains the leading cause of infections in newborns worldwilde. Prenatal GBS screening of pregnant women for vaginal-rectal colonization is recommended in many countries to manage appropriate intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis for those identified as carriers. In this study, a novel melting-curve based multiplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of GBS and macrolide and lincosamide resistance markers was developed.

Antibacterial Combination of Oleoresin from Copaifera multijuga Hayne and Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Towards Streptococcus agalactiae.

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus - GBS) remains a leading cause of neonatal infections and an important cause of invasive infections in adults with underlying conditions.

Methods: This study evaluated for the first time the effect of an oleoresin collected from Copaifera multijuga Hayne (copaiba oil) alone or in combination with silver nanoparticles produced by green synthesis using Fusarium oxysporum (AgNPbio) against planktonic and sessile cells of GBS isolated from colonized women.

Results: Copaiba oil showed a dose-dependent bactericidal activity against planktonic GBS strains, including those resistant to erythromycin and/or clindamycin.

Sepsis in a university hospital: a prospective study for the cost analysis of patients' hospitalization.

Objective: To estimate the cost of hospitalization of patients with severe sepsis or septic shock admitted or diagnosed in the Urgent and Emergency sector at a university hospital and followed until the clinical outcome.

Method: An epidemiological, prospective, observational study conducted in a public hospital in southern Brazil for the period of one year (August 2013 to August 2014). Sepsis notification forms, medical records and data of the cost sector were used for the collection of clinical and epidemiological data.

Effect of a Metalloantibiotic Produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K. pneumoniae.

Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are a great problem in hospitals, where thousands of people are infected daily, with the occurrence of high mortality rates, especially in infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (KPC-producing Kpn). The challenge is to find new compounds that can control KPC producing-Kpn infections.

Oral Candida colonization in HIV-infected patients in Londrina-PR, Brazil: antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors.

Introduction: Host colonization by Candida species is an important predisposing factor to candidiasis, which seems to be more frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Knowledge about the distribution, antifungal susceptibility, and virulence of oral Candida isolates is important for effective management of candidiasis.

Methodology: Oral rinses were collected from 242 HIV-infected patients without clinical evidence of candidiasis seen at the AIDS referral center in Londrina, Brazil.

Prevalence and evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in tuberculosis case contacts.

Introduction: The tuberculin test is a diagnostic method for detecting latent tuberculosis (TB) infection, especially among disease contact cases. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence and evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among TB contact cases.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in a reference center for TB.

Virulence determinants in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium vanA isolated from different sources at University Hospital of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.

Enterococcus faecium, especially those showing multidrug resistance, has emerged as a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. However, relatively little is known about the virulence and pathogenesis of this species. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of four putative virulence determinants of E.