Progression of Nodular Thyroid Disease in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Syndrome: Refined Surveillance Recommendations.

Background: Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) have an increased risk of thyroid nodular disease. Previous studies demonstrated that screening thyroid ultrasound (US) will allow detection of nodules in 38% and thyroid cancer in 2.6% of patients.

Bilateral exploration in primary hyperparathyroidism: Double adenoma distribution and biochemical patterns over two decades.

Background: We investigated if anatomic patterns of abnormal parathyroid glands have ch anged for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) as atypical biochemical presentation (normohormonal and normocalcemic) has increased.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients with pHPT who underwent routine bilateral neck exploration.

Results: 2762 patients were included.

Utilizing Dynamic Risk Stratification in Patients With Tall Cell Variant Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

Objectives: Tall cell variant (TCV) papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a subtype of PTC associated with aggressive tumor behavior, advanced stage, and higher rates of recurrence and mortality. The present study aimed to test an established dynamic risk stratification tool in the TCV population, with the goal of better predicting the postoperative course of these patients.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Longitudinal Analysis of Cancer Risk in Children and Adults With Germline PTEN Variants.

Importance: Identifying hereditary cancer predisposition facilitates high-risk organ-specific cancer surveillance and prevention. In PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), longitudinal studies remain lacking, and there are insufficient data on cancers in children and young adults, as well as individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD).

Objective: To evaluate lifetime cancer risks, including second malignant neoplasms (SMN), among patients with PHTS.

A Multicenter Analysis of the Early Impact of COVID-19 on Junior Resident Operative Case Volume.

Introduction: Institutions have reported decreases in operative volume due to COVID-19. Junior residents have fewer opportunities for operative experience and COVID-19 further jeopardizes their operative exposure. This study quantifies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on resident operative exposure using resident case logs focusing on junior residents and categorizes the response of surgical residency programs to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Development and Progression of Thyroid Disease in Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome: Refined Surveillance Recommendations.

hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is associated with a high prevalence and early onset of differentiated thyroid cancer and benign thyroid disease. However, a consensus on the time of initiation and frequency of thyroid cancer surveillance has not yet been reached. Most commonly, guidelines recommend annual thyroid ultrasounds, but vary widely in the time of initiation, ranging from shortly after birth to 18 years of age.

Comparison of mechanical cardiopulmonary support strategies during lung transplantation.

Introduction: Lung transplantation outcomes are influenced by the intraoperative mechanical cardiopulmonary support strategy used. This surgery was historically done either on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or off pump. Recently, there has been increased interest in intraoperative support with veno-arterial (VA) or veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Immunopathogenesis and biomarkers of recurrent atrial fibrillation following ablation therapy in patients with preexisting atrial fibrillation.

Recurrent atrial fibrillation (RAF) following ablation therapy occurs in about 50% of patients. The pathogenesis of RAF is unknown, but is believed to be driven by atrial remodeling in the setting of background inflammation. Structural, electrophysiological and mechanical remodeling has been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and diastolic dysfunction.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) continues to be a major challenge for clinicians. Many crucial aspects of the syndrome remain unclear, including the exact pathophysiology, early diagnosis, and treatment. Patients with HFpEF are often asymptomatic late into the disease process, and treatment with medications commonly used in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has not been proven to be beneficial.