A magnetohydrodynamic mechanism for the formation of solar polar vortices.

Polar vortices are ubiquitous features of planetary atmospheric flows, from the Earth-like rocky planets to Jupiter- and Saturn-like gas giant planets. Very little is known about their existence or dynamics on the Sun. What should be expected near the Sun's pole for the upcoming solar multi-viewpoint and polar missions? Here, we report the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nonlinear simulations for the formation and evolution of solar polar vortices using a near-surface MHD shallow-water model.

A Cohort Study to Evaluate Genetic Predictors of Aromatase Inhibitor Musculoskeletal Symptoms: Results from ECOG-ACRIN E1Z11.

Purpose: Aromatase inhibitor (AI)-associated musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS) are common and frequently lead to AI discontinuation. SNPs in candidate genes have been associated with AIMSS and AI discontinuation. E1Z11 is a prospective cohort study designed to validate the association between 10 SNPs and AI discontinuation due to AIMSS.

Phase III Prospectively Randomized Trial of Perioperative 5-FU After Curative Resection for Colon Cancer: An Intergroup Trial of the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group (E1292).

Background: Studies suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy should be initiated at the earliest possible time. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) and Intergroup evaluated the effect of perioperative fluorouracil (5-FU) on overall survival (OS) for colon cancer.

Patients And Methods: This phase III trial randomized patients to receive continuous infusional 5-FU for 7 days starting within 24 h after curative resection (arm A) or no perioperative 5-FU (arm B).

Complex Adaptive Systems: A Framework for an Integrated Chronic Care Model.

Chronic care management is a multidimensional phenomenon involving multilayered interaction, reaction, and adaptation responses to feedback within chronic care micro/macro- systems. Complex adaptive systems (CASs) consider interconnected dynamic relationships between discrete components of systems' internal and external environments. CAS is an applicable framework to examine components and networks within chronic care models.

A Coala-T-Cannabis Survey Study of breast cancer patients' use of cannabis before, during, and after treatment.

Background: The goal of this study was to characterize cannabis use among patients with breast cancer, including their reasons for and timing of use, their sources of cannabis information and products, their satisfaction with the information found, their perceptions of its safety, and their dialogue about cannabis with their physicians.

Methods: United States-based members of the Breastcancer.org and Healthline.

Effect of Taxane Chemotherapy With or Without Indoximod in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) causes tumor immune suppression. The IDO1 pathway inhibitor indoximod combined with a taxane in patients with ERBB2-negative metastatic breast cancer was tested in a prospective clinical trial.

Objective: To assess clinical outcomes in patients with ERBB2-negative metastatic breast cancer treated with indoximod plus a taxane.

Indoximod: An Immunometabolic Adjuvant That Empowers T Cell Activity in Cancer.

Exploding interest in immunometabolism as a source of new cancer therapeutics has been driven in large part by studies of tryptophan catabolism mediated by IDO/TDO enzymes. A chief focus in the field is IDO1, a pro-inflammatory modifier that is widely overexpressed in cancers where it blunts immunosurveillance and enables neovascularization and metastasis. The simple racemic compound 1-methyl-D,L-tryptophan (1MT) is an extensively used probe of IDO/TDO pathways that exerts a variety of complex inhibitory effects.

Archaeogenomic evidence from the southwestern US points to a pre-Hispanic scarlet macaw breeding colony.

Hundreds of scarlet macaw () skeletons have been recovered from archaeological contexts in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico (SW/NW). The location of these skeletons, >1,000 km outside their Neotropical endemic range, has suggested a far-reaching pre-Hispanic acquisition network. Clear evidence for scarlet macaw breeding within this network is only known from the settlement of Paquimé in NW dating between 1250 and 1450 CE.

Preliminary evaluation of a predictive blood assay to identify patients at high risk of chemotherapy-induced nausea.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test a new blood-based assay for its ability to predict delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea.

Methods: Blood drawn from consented patients prior to receiving their first platinum-based therapy was tested for glutathione recycling capacity and normalized to total red cell numbers. This number was used to predict nausea and then compared to patient reported outcomes using the Rotterdam Symptom Check List and medical records.

Early procurement of scarlet macaws and the emergence of social complexity in Chaco Canyon, NM.

High-precision accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) (14)C dates of scarlet macaw (Ara macao) skeletal remains provide the first direct evidence from Chaco Canyon in northwestern New Mexico that these Neotropical birds were procured from Mesoamerica by Pueblo people as early as ∼ A.D. 900-975.

Characterization of the apoptotic response induced by the cyanine dye D112: a potentially selective anti-cancer compound.

Chemotherapeutic drugs that are used in anti-cancer treatments often cause the death of both cancerous and noncancerous cells. This non-selective toxicity is the root cause of untoward side effects that limits the effectiveness of therapy. In order to improve chemotherapeutic options for cancer patients, there is a need to identify novel compounds with higher discrimination for cancer cells.

Oral alpha-lipoic acid to prevent chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Objectives: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is frequently a dose-limiting factor in cancer treatment and may cause pain and irreversible function loss in cancer survivors. We tested whether alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) could decrease the severity of peripheral neuropathy symptoms in patients undergoing platinum-based chemotherapy.

Methods: Cancer patients 18 years or older were randomly selected to receive either 600 mg ALA or a placebo three times a day orally for 24 weeks while receiving chemotherapy regimens including cisplatin or oxaliplatin.

The symptom burden of cancer: Evidence for a core set of cancer-related and treatment-related symptoms from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Symptom Outcomes and Practice Patterns study.

Background: A set of common cancer-related and treatment-related symptoms has been proposed for quality of care assessment and clinical research. Using data from a large, multicenter, prospective study, the authors assessed the effects of disease site and stage on the percentages of patients rating these proposed symptoms as moderate to severe.

Methods: The severity of 13 symptoms proposed to represent "core" oncology symptoms was rated by 3106 ambulatory patients with cancer of the breast, prostate, colon/rectum, or lung, regardless of disease stage or phase of care; 2801 patients (90%) repeated the assessment 4 to 5 weeks later.

Effect of duloxetine on pain, function, and quality of life among patients with chemotherapy-induced painful peripheral neuropathy: a randomized clinical trial.

Importance: There are no known effective treatments for painful chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Objective: To determine the effect of duloxetine, 60 mg daily, on average pain severity.

Design, Setting, And Patients: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial at 8 National Cancer Institute (NCI)-funded cooperative research networks that enrolled 231 patients who were 25 years or older being treated at community and academic settings between April 2008 and March 2011.

Full-term pregnancy and vaginal delivery after treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the cervix and lower uterine segment: a case report.

Background: Primary gynaecologic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are rare. We present a case of primary large B-cell lymphoma localized to the lower uterine segment and endocervical stroma that was successfully treated with chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Treatment was followed by a disease-free interval and successful term vaginal delivery.

Phase i study of 'dose-dense' pemetrexed plus carboplatin/radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Background: This phase I study investigates the feasibility of carboplatin plus dose-dense (q2-week) pemetrexed given concurrently with radiotherapy (XRT) for locally advanced and oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Eligible patients had Stage III or IV (oligometastatic) NSCLC. Patients received XRT to 63 Gy in standard fractionation.

Cancer genetics evaluation: barriers to and improvements for referral.

Despite the availability of cancer susceptibility testing, little information exists regarding physicians' selection and referral of eligible patients. This study provides insight into whom, why, and when physicians refer for cancer genetics evaluation, as well as their comfort level within this role. Eighty-two physicians (51 primary care, 15 gynecology, 11 surgery and 5 oncology) completed a survey (response rate: 34%) regarding cancer genetics referral practices.

Psychological effects women experience before and after a colposcopic examination and primary care appointment.

OBJECTIVE.: To estimate the psychological impact, health and behavior concerns, and coping styles of women awaiting colposcopic examination compared with women awaiting a scheduled primary care appointment. MATERIALS AND METHODS.

Ecological risk assessment issues identified during the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's examination of risk assessment practices.

Recently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency examined its current risk-assessment principles and practices.

Basics of asset protection.

Asset protection has become a hot topic for physicians because of the risk of high judgments in medical malpractice cases-judgments that often exceed their policy limits and can force a physician into bankruptcy. In this article we describe some of the background and basics of asset protection. In future articles we will detail some of the protection strategies that can be used.