Nitric oxide modulates the immunological response of bovine PBMCs in an in vitro BRDc infection model.

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDc) is a multi-factorial disease, involving both viral and bacterial pathogens, that negatively impacts the cattle feedlot industry. A nitric oxide releasing solution (NORS) has been developed and shown to have potential in the prevention of BRDc. This study investigated the underlying immunological mechanisms through which the nitroslyating agent NORS provides protection against the development of BRDc in susceptible cattle.

Gaseous nitric oxide reduces influenza infectivity in vitro.

Gaseous nitric oxide (gNO) is an approved vasodilator drug for inhalation up to a maximum dose of 80 ppm. While gNO has been shown, in vitro, to be an effective antibacterial agent (at 160 ppm), NO-donor compounds have been shown to inhibit a variety of viruses at varying stages of replication. This research was done in order to determine whether gNO at 80 or 160 ppm possesses an antiviral effect on influenza viruses.

Comparative efficacy of commercially available and emerging antimicrobial urinary catheters against bacteriuria caused by E. coli in vitro.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of both commercially available and emerging urinary catheter technologies in relation to their effects on bacteriuria caused by Escherichia coli in vitro. Antiseptic urinary catheters have recently become commercially available and others are in the developmental stage.

Methods: Silver alloy-coated catheters, antibiotic Nitrofurazone (NF)-coated catheters, and nitric oxide (NO)-coated catheters were tested against a noncoated control for their antiseptic ability.

Slow release of nitric oxide from charged catheters and its effect on biofilm formation by Escherichia coli.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is the most prevalent cause of nosocomial infections. Bacteria associated with biofilm formation play a key role in the morbidity and pathogenesis of these infections. Nitric oxide (NO) is a naturally produced free radical with proven bactericidal effect.

Protection of lipids from oxidation by epicatechin, trans-resveratrol, and gallic and caffeic acids in intestinal model systems.

Consumption of polyphenols is associated with health promotion through diet, although many are poorly absorbed in animals and humans alike. Lipid peroxides may reach the intestine and initiate deleterious oxidation. Here we measured inhibition of the oxidation of linoleic acid (LA) in authentic fluid from rat small intestine (RIF) by two dietary polyphenols, a flavonoid, epicatechin (EC), and a stilbene, resveratrol (RV), and by gallic (GA) and caffeic (CA) acids, and their partition coefficients.

Influence of lipophilicity on the interactions of hydroxy stilbenes with cytochrome P450 3A4.

Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red wine, was recently suggested to act as an irreversible, mechanism-based inactivator of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). We found a significant inhibition of human CYP3A4-dependent transformation of cyclosporine by resveratrol, with IC50 = 4.5 microM.

Resveratrol and two monomethylated stilbenes from Israeli Rumex bucephalophorus and their antioxidant potential.

The roots of Rumex bucephalophorus were analyzed for resveratrol and analogues. Two stilbene-O-methyl derivatives were identified, in addition to resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene). The stilbene-O-methyl derivatives were shown to be 5,4'-dihydroxy-3-methoxystilbene and 3,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene.

Glycosylation of resveratrol protects it from enzymic oxidation.

Plant polyphenols, including dietary polyphenols such as resveratrol, are important components in the plant antioxidant and defence systems. They are also known to exert beneficial effects on human health through diet. As they are produced, these polyphenols may be subjected to deleterious enzymic oxidation by the plant polyphenol oxidases.