Epidemiology of bacterial biofilms on polyps and normal tissues in a screening colonoscopy cohort.

Background: Invasive bacterial biofilms are implicated in colorectal cancer. However, their prevalence on histologically normal tissues and polyps is not well established, and risk factors of biofilms have not been previously investigated. Here we evaluated potential procedural and demographic risk factors associated with biofilm status using a cross-sectional observational cohort.

The impact of exercise interventions on sleep in adult populations with depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress: review of the current evidence and future directions.

Consistent evidence suggests that exercise leads to improvements in subjective sleep quality and also objective sleep metrics in non-psychiatric adult populations. However, the degree to which exercise provides sleep benefits for adults with psychiatric disorders is less known, despite the potential benefits given that sleep disturbance is prevalent in these populations. In this narrative review, we synthesize results of randomized controlled trials examining the influence of aerobic and/or resistance exercise interventions on sleep outcomes in adult psychiatric populations.

Simple and Epididymal-Sparing Orchiectomy for Surgical Castration in Stage IV Prostate Cancer.

Androgen deprivation therapy, the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer, can be either medical or surgical. Surgery has cost benefits compared to medical treatment. In this study, we evaluated the use of simple and epididymal-sparing orchiectomy in 2 different practice settings for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.

Initial Perspectives From Rural-Residing Adults on a Digital Cognitive Health Coaching Intervention: Exploratory Qualitative Analysis.

Background: A growing body of research has examined lifestyle-based interventions for dementia prevention. Specifically, health coaching interventions have been linked to decreased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) comorbidities, such as diabetes. Despite the association, there is a lack of research examining the efficacy and perception of digital health coaching on reducing AD risk.

Hypertension is associated with reduced resting-state medial temporal lobe dynamic network flexibility in older African Americans.

Hypertension disproportionately affects African Americans and is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the relationship of blood pressure (BP) with medial temporal lobe (MTL) dynamic network flexibility (a novel AD biomarker) and cognitive generalization in older African Americans. In a cross-sectional study, 37 normotensive (systolic BP <130 mmHg, 82.

Clinical safety and efficacy of microwave ablation for small renal masses.

Purpose: CT-guided MWA is a safe and effective tool that should be utilized in the treatment of small renal masses (SRMs). We aim to clarify the utility of CT-guided MWA by examining patient outcomes such as recurrence, treatment success, changes in renal function, and complications.

Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive patients with SRMs who underwent same day renal mass biopsy (RMB) and CT-guided MWA between 2015 and 2022 was performed.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology: Is Sleep Architecture the Missing Key?

Impairments of the sleep architecture due to disrupted sleep in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may result in reduced slow wave sleep (SWS), intermittent hypoxemia, and excessive day time sleepiness- all factors that have been shown to impact Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. In this commentary, we comment on the work by Cavuoto and colleagues in which they examine the associations between nocturnal hypoxemia or sleep disruptions (during SWS) and amyloid-β burden in individuals with OSA. We review the findings in the context of other similar studies and highlight the strengths and weaknesses of these published studies.

Examining the efficacy of a cardio-dance intervention on brain health and the moderating role of ABCA7 in older African Americans: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: African Americans are two to three times more likely to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared to White Americans. Exercise is a lifestyle behavior associated with neuroprotection and decreased AD risk, although most African Americans, especially older adults, perform less than the recommended 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise. This article describes the protocol for a Phase III randomized controlled trial that will examine the effects of cardio-dance aerobic exercise on novel AD cognitive and neural markers of hippocampal-dependent function (Aims #1 and #2) and whether exercise-induced neuroprotective benefits may be modulated by an AD genetic risk factor, ABCA7 rs3764650 (Aim #3).

Inhibition of the NOTCH and mTOR pathways by nelfinavir as a novel treatment for T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‑ALL), a neoplasm derived from T cell lineage‑committed lymphoblasts, is characterized by genetic alterations that result in activation of oncogenic transcription factors and the NOTCH1 pathway activation. The NOTCH is a transmembrane receptor protein activated by γ‑secretase. γ‑secretase inhibitors (GSIs) are a NOTCH‑targeted therapy for T‑ALL.

Obesity reduces hippocampal structure and function in older African Americans with the APOE-ε4 Alzheimer's disease risk allele.

Introduction: Excess body weight and Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affect older African Americans. While mid-life obesity increases risk for AD, few data exist on the relationship between late-life obesity and AD, or how obesity-based and genetic risk for AD interact. Although the APOE-ε4 allele confers a strong genetic risk for AD, it is unclear if late-life obesity poses a greater risk for APOE-ε4 carriers compared to non-carriers.

Differences in Habitual and Maximal Gait Velocity Across Age Groups: A Cross-Sectional Examination.

Prior work, primarily focusing on habitual gait velocity, has demonstrated a cost while walking when coupled with a cognitive task. The cost of dual-task walking is exacerbated with age and complexity of the cognitive or motor task. However, few studies have examined the dual-task cost associated with maximal gait velocity.

A Novel Digital Digit-Symbol Substitution Test Measuring Processing Speed in Adults At Risk for Alzheimer Disease: Validation Study.

Background: Assessing cognitive constructs affected by Alzheimer disease, such as processing speed (PS), is important to screen for potential disease and allow for early detection. Digital PS assessments have been developed to provide widespread, efficient cognitive testing, but all have been validated only based on the correlation between test scores. Best statistical practices dictate that concurrent validity should be assessed for agreement or equivalence rather than using correlation alone.

The effect of a digital health coaching and health education protocol on cognition in adults at-risk for Alzheimer's.

Several modifiable lifestyle factors have been linked to cognitive ability and the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Health coaching (HC) is an intervention that addresses lifestyle factors associated with cognition. The effectiveness of an HC protocol was evaluated and compared with a health education (HE) intervention, representing the current standard of care, in a sample of 216 adults between the ages of 45 and 75 years who were at-risk for developing ADRD.

Access to urologists for participation in research: An analysis of NCI's Community Oncology Research Program landscape survey.

Purpose: Urological cancer clinical trials face accrual challenges, which may stem from structural barriers within cancer programs. We sought to describe the extent to which urology cancer care providers are available within community cancer research programs and explore the role of oncology practice group ownership in their access to urology practices to participate in research.

Materials And Methods: We conducted secondary analysis of organizational survey data collected in 2017 among National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program practice groups.

Adult-Attained Height and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Cohort Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The influence of anthropometric characteristics on colorectal neoplasia biology is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine if adult-attained height is independently associated with the risk of colorectal cancer or adenoma.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to August 2020 for studies on the association between adult-attained height and colorectal cancer or adenoma.

Murine fecal microbiota transfer models selectively colonize human microbes and reveal transcriptional programs associated with response to neoadjuvant checkpoint inhibitors.

Human gut microbial species found to associate with clinical responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are often tested in mice using fecal microbiota transfer (FMT), wherein tumor responses in recipient mice may recapitulate human responses to ICI treatment. However, many FMT studies have reported only limited methodological description, details of murine cohorts, and statistical methods. To investigate the reproducibility and robustness of gut microbial species that impact ICI responses, we performed human to germ-free mouse FMT using fecal samples from patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had a pathological response or nonresponse after neoadjuvant ICI treatment.

Asynchronous Remote Assessment for Cognitive Impairment: Reliability Verification of the Neurotrack Cognitive Battery.

Background: As evidenced by the further reduction in access to testing during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent, growing need for remote cognitive assessment for individuals with cognitive impairment. The Neurotrack Cognitive Battery (NCB), our response to this need, was evaluated for its temporal reliability and stability as part of ongoing validation testing.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the temporal reliability of the NCB tests (5 total) across a 1-week period and to determine the temporal stability of these measures across 3 consecutive administrations in a single day.

Intervention for a Digital, Cognitive, Multi-Domain Alzheimer Risk Velocity Study: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: In the United States, more than 6 million adults live with Alzheimer disease (AD) that affects 1 out of every 3 older adults. Although there is no cure for AD currently, lifestyle-based interventions aimed at slowing the rate of cognitive decline or delaying the onset of AD have shown promising results. However, most studies primarily focus on older adults (>55 years) and use in-person interventions.

Acute Inositol-Stabilized Arginine Silicate Improves Cognitive Outcomes in Healthy Adults.

Inositol-stabilized arginine silicate (ASI) is an ergogenic aid that upregulates nitric oxide. Acute ASI supplementation improves working memory and processing speed in young adults but there is a lack of data examining other cognitive tasks. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine acute ASI effects on young healthy adults by assessing multiple cognitive domains.

Sit-to-Stand Power Across the Lifespan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Lower-body power measured by a linear position transducer during the sit-to-stand (STS) movement declines with age and may be a predictor of physical disability in older adults. The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for STS power across the lifespan and to determine if differences exist between age cohorts, sexes, and age cohort-sex subgroups. Adults (N = 557) aged 18-89 were divided into five age cohorts and performed the STS connected to a linear position transducer, which calculated power and velocity during the movement.

Acute Citrulline-Malate Supplementation Increases Total Work in Short Lower-Body Isokinetic Tasks for Recreationally Active Females During Menstruation.

Gills, JL, Spliker, B, Glenn, JM, Szymanski, D, Romer, B, Lu, H-C, and Gray, M. Acute citrulline-malate supplementation increases total work in short lower-body isokinetic tasks for recreationally active females during menstruation. J Strength Cond Res 37(6): 1225-1230, 2023-Citrulline-malate (CM) exhibits acute ergogenic benefits through nitric oxide production (NO) and augmentation of vasodilatory properties.

Self-reported Metabolic Risk Factor Associations with Adenomatous, Sessile Serrated, and Synchronous Adenomatous and Sessile Serrated Polyps.

Studies have found a positive association between metabolic risk factors, such as obesity and diabetes, and adenomatous polyps (AP). However, fewer studies have assessed the association between sessile serrated polyps (SSP) or synchronous diagnosis of APs and SSPs (synch polyps). Study participants ( = 1,370; ages 40-85) undergoing screening colonoscopy were enrolled between August 2016 and February 2020.

A Nurse-Driven Protocol for Foley Catheter Utilization Decreases the Incidence of Traumatic Foley Catheterization.

Traumatic urethral catheterization is a common reason for urologic consultation in hospitalized patients. The purpose of this study was to determine if a protocol designed to decrease Foley catheter use was effective and if implementation of the protocol decreased the incidence of Foley catheter-associated trauma. In an effort to decrease catheter use, our institution adopted a nurse-driven Foley catheter protocol in May 2015 that allowed nurses to remove Foley catheters that did not meet criteria.