Eighteen-Year Follow-up After Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation on Medial and Lateral Femoral Condyles: A Case Report.

Articular cartilage defects are common injuries of the knee. The defects often progress in size and produce significant clinical symptoms due to the lack of intrinsic repair or regenerative capacity of articular cartilage. With the failure of nonoperative treatment options, surgical treatment is indicated and includes palliative, reparative, and regenerative options.

ACL injury incidence, severity and patterns in professional male soccer players in a Middle Eastern league.

Aim: To ascertain ACL injury incidence, severity (injury burden) and patterns (contact/non-contact and reinjuries) in a professional male football league in the Middle East over five consecutive seasons.

Methods: Prospective epidemiological study reporting ACL injuries in professional male soccer players in the Qatar Stars League, with complete matches/training exposure over five seasons (2013-2014 to 2017-2018), corresponding to 2243 player seasons and 729 team months.

Results: 37 complete ACL ruptures occurred in 37 players during 486 951  hours of player exposure.

Lunacy revisited - the myth of the full moon: are football injuries related to the lunar cycle?

Previous literature suggests that human behaviour and physiology are somehow altered by the moon-cycle, with particular emphasis on poorer sleep quality and increased aggressive behaviour during full moon. The latter variables can negatively impact athletes' recovery and increase the likelihood of injury resulting from collision with another athlete. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the association between the lunar cycle and injury risk in professional football players (soccer).

Injury and illness epidemiology in soccer - effects of global geographical differences - a call for standardized and consistent research studies.

Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. While injuries and illnesses can affect the players' health and performance, they can also have a major economic impact on teams. Moreover, several studies have shown the favourable association between higher player availability and team success.

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation With Collagen Membrane.

The first-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI-P) described by Peterson and colleagues used a periosteal patch to form a watertight cover over the articular cartilage defect, under which the autologous chondrocyte suspension was injected. Although good to excellent outcomes were often seen in >80% of patients and the durability of the repair documented up to 20 years, the procedure was noted to have a high rate of subsequent surgical procedures, most often for arthroscopic debridement of periosteal hypertrophy or incomplete incorporation. Consequently, the surgical technique advanced to use a porcine-derived bilayer of type I/III collagen with a porous layer that favors cell attachment and a smooth, compact layer that is cell occlusive.

Autologous chondrocyte implantation in the patella: a multicenter experience.

Background: Cartilage defects in the patella are common, and a subset of patients does not respond to nonoperative measures. While most cartilage repair techniques have demonstrated good outcomes in the femoral condyles, the patellofemoral compartment poses special challenges.

Hypothesis: Repair of patellar cartilage defects with autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) will provide lasting improvements in pain and function.

Autologous chondrocyte implantation and anteromedialization for isolated patellar articular cartilage lesions: 5- to 11-year follow-up.

Background: Isolated chondral lesions of the patella are particularly challenging to treat, and long-term studies of treated isolated patellar lesions are limited. Previous short-term studies have reported favorable outcomes of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) of the patella and/or trochlea, with a trend toward improvement when anteromedialization (AMZ) of the tibial tubercle was performed with the procedure.

Hypothesis: Autologous chondrocyte implantation with concomitant AMZ for symptomatic isolated patellar lesions provides functional and symptomatic improvement in patients at a minimum 5-year follow-up.

Arthroscopic Delivery of Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implant: International Experience and Technique Recommendations.

Objective: To identify consensus recommendations for the arthroscopic delivery of the matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implant.

Design: An invited panel was assembled on November 20 and 21, 2009 as an international advisory board in Zurich, Switzerland, to discuss and identify best practices for the arthroscopic delivery of matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation.

Results: Arthroscopic matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation is suitable for patients 18 to 55 years of age who have symptomatic, contained chondral lesions of the knee with normal or corrected alignment and stability.

Surgical management of articular cartilage defects of the knee.

Articular cartilage defects of the knee present diagnostic and treatment challenges for orthopaedic surgeons. As new data and technologies become available, treatment algorithms are continually being refined. It is important to examine treatment recommendations from the current literature and understand surgical techniques for articular cartilage repair.

Magnetic resonance imaging-documented chondral injuries about the knee in college football players: 3-year National Football League Combine data.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors for knee cartilage injury in elite college football players invited to attend the US National Football League (NFL) Scouting Combine over a 3-year period.

Methods: All players entering the NFL Scouting Combine (National Invitational Camp) from 2005 through 2007 were evaluated. "At-risk" knees underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the results were evaluated for chondral injuries.

The effect of the trabecular microstructure on the pullout strength of suture anchors.

This study investigates how the microstructural properties of trabecular bone affect suture anchor performance. Seven fresh-frozen humeri were tested for pullout strength with a 5mm Arthrex Corkscrew in the greater tuberosity, lesser tuberosity, and humeral head. Micro-computed tomography analysis was performed in the three regions of interest directly adjacent to individual pullout experiments.

Pullout strength of suture anchors: effect of mechanical properties of trabecular bone.

This study investigated the relationships between trabecular microstructure and elastic modulus, compressive strength, and suture anchor pullout strength. Twelve fresh-frozen humeri underwent mechanical testing followed by micro-computed tomography (microCT). Either compression testing of cylindrical bone samples or pullout testing using an Arthrex 5mm Corkscrew was performed in synthetic sawbone or at specific locations in the humerus such as the greater tuberosity, lesser tuberosity, and humeral head.

Treatment of full-thickness chondral defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte implantation.

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has now been performed for over a decade in the United States. ACI has been demonstrated as a reproducible treatment option for large, full-thickness, symptomatic chondral injuries of the knee. As clinical experience has expanded and indications broadened to more complex cartilage defects, it has become evident that aggressive treatment of coexisting knee pathology is essential for optimal results.

Treatment of full-thickness chondral defects with autologous chondrocyte implantation.

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a reproducible treatment option for large full-thickness symptomatic chondral injuries with appropriate knowledge of technique and patient selection. It provides a cellular repair that offers a high percentage of good to excellent clinical results over a long follow-up period. It is applicable over a wide range of chondral injuries from simple to more complex lesions.

Management of intraoperative complications associated with autogenous patellar tendon graft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

With the increasing number of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions being performed each year in the United States, sound surgical technique and preoperative planning are essential to decrease complications. Most intraoperative complications associated with ACL surgery are preventable with adequate planning and a reproducible surgical technique. When an autogenous bone-patellar tendon-bone graft is used for ACL reconstruction, pitfalls may occur at each step during the surgical procedure--preoperative assessment, graft harvest, notch preparation, tunnel preparation, graft passage and fixation, and rehabilitation.

Virtual reality simulation of arthroscopy of the knee.

The virtual reality arthroscopic knee simulator (VR-AKS) consists of a computer platform, a video display, and two force-feedback (haptic) interfaces known as "PHANToMs" that also monitor the position of the instruments in the user's hands. The forces that the user would normally apply to the lower limb during arthroscopy are directed through an instrumented surrogate leg. Proprietary software provides the mathematical representation of the physical world and replicates the visual, mechanical, and behavioral aspects of the knee.

Update on advanced surgical techniques in the treatment of traumatic focal articular cartilage lesions in the knee.

Considerable interest has been developed over the past several years in expanding the treatment of symptomatic femoral condylar articular cartilage lesions in active patients. Multiple surgical techniques have been reported and evolving technologies, equipment and approaches continue to expand. The purpose of this paper is to review the presentation of focal articular cartilage lesions including treatment indications, current surgical options and postoperative protocols emphasizing advanced techniques used to preserve or restore hyaline cartilage tissue.

Development of a virtual reality arthroscopic knee simulator.

The virtual reality arthroscopic knee simulator (VR-AKS) consists of a computer platform, a video display, and two force-feedback (haptic) interfaces which also monitor the position of the instruments in the user's hands. The forces that the user would normally apply to the lower limb during arthroscopy are directed through an instrumented surrogate leg. Proprietary software furnishes the mathematical representation of the physical world and replicates the visual, mechanical, and behavioral aspects of the knee while task-oriented programs monitor and record specific areas of user performance.

Treatment of articular cartilage defects of the knee with autologous chondrocyte implantation.

The treatment of focal full thickness articular defects in the knee has continued to present a challenge, with no traditional treatment method providing consistent acceptable long-term clinical results. Patients with significant chondral defects frequently have persistent joint line pain, swelling, and catching in the knee. In contrast to marrow stimulation treatment techniques, such as abrasion arthroplasty, drilling, or microfracture which populate the defect with pluripotential stem cells, the use of cultured autologous chondrocytes fills the defect with cells of a committed pathway to develop hyaline-like cartilage.

Disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament in a 4-year-old child.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in children are rare. Thus, the natural history of ACL injuries in skeletally immature patients is unknown. This case represents the longest follow-up (11 years) reported in the literature of an ACL injury in a child of less than 5 years old.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: evaluation with MR imaging.

Fifty magnetic resonance (MR) imaging examinations were performed in 37 patients after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with patellar bone-tendon-tibial bone autografts. T1-weighted sagittal and axial images were obtained. In 34 patients with clinically stable ACL autografts, 43 of 47 MR examinations demonstrated a well-defined, intact ACL autograft.