Relative efficacy of prehabilitation interventions and their components: systematic review with network and component network meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: To estimate the relative efficacy of individual and combinations of prehabilitation components (exercise, nutrition, cognitive, and psychosocial) on critical outcomes of postoperative complications, length of stay, health related quality of life, and physical recovery for adults who have received surgery.

Design: Systematic review with network and component network meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.

Data Sources: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were initially searched 1 March 2022, and updated on 25 October 2023.

Cerebral Microbleeds and Amyloid Pathology Estimates From the Amyloid Biomarker Study.

Importance: Baseline cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and APOE ε4 allele copy number are important risk factors for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) receiving therapies to lower amyloid-β plaque levels.

Objective: To provide prevalence estimates of any, no more than 4, or fewer than 2 CMBs in association with amyloid status, APOE ε4 copy number, and age.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data included in the Amyloid Biomarker Study data pooling initiative (January 1, 2012, to the present [data collection is ongoing]).

Feasibility of a virtual multimodal prehabilitation intervention for patients with cancer undergoing surgery.

Background And Aims: Current prehabilitation programs are often limited by poor recruitment and attrition rates. Remote delivery of prehabilitation may reduce barriers to participation and maximize program retention. We aimed to assess the feasibility (uptake, retention, fidelity), preliminary effectiveness, and acceptability of delivering a technology-supported prehabilitation program remotely to oncologic surgical candidates.

Cigarette smoke components modulate the MR1-MAIT axis.

Tobacco smoking is prevalent across the world and causes numerous diseases. Cigarette smoke (CS) compromises immunity, yet little is known of the components of CS that impact T cell function. MR1 is a ubiquitous molecule that presents bacterial metabolites to MAIT cells, which are highly abundant in the lungs.

A 15-Item modification of the PSP rating scale to improve clinical meaningfulness and statistical performance.

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by physical, cognitive, and behavioral impairments. The PSP Rating Scale (PSPRS) is a widely used and validated, clinical scale to monitor disease progression. Here we show the modification of PSPRS to improve clinical meaningfulness and sensitivity.

Changes in nutritional status and effectiveness of the dietary intervention of multimodal prehabilitation for patients with colorectal cancer: A secondary analysis of the PREHAB randomized clinical trial.

Background & Aims: Prehabilitation is a preoperative multimodal program including exercise, nutritional, and psychological support. Little is known about changes in nutritional status during prehabilitation.

Methods: This secondary analysis of the PREHAB trial aims to assess changes in nutritional status and explore the effectiveness of a four-week nutritional intervention.

STRIVE pilot trial: a protocol for a multicentre pragmatic internal pilot randomised controlled trial of Structured TRaining to Improve fitness in a Virtual Environment (STRIVE) before surgery.

Introduction: Home-based, virtually-supported care models may represent the most efficient and scalable approach to delivering prehabilitation services. However, virtual approaches to prehabilitation are understudied. This manuscript describes the protocol for an internal pilot randomised controlled trial of a virtually-delivered, multimodal prehabilitation intervention.

A scoping review of preoperative weight loss interventions on postoperative outcomes for patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Background: Obesity is associated with increased risk of surgical complications in some settings.

Objective: As a precursor to a systematic review, we conducted a scoping review of intentional preoperative weight loss to describe these interventions, their feasibility and effectiveness for patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods: In April 2024, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar were searched for primary studies of intentional weight loss before elective gastrointestinal cancer surgery.

Surgical Recovery Through the Lens of Patients with Colorectal Disease: A Qualitative Study in an Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Setting.

Background: As perioperative care shifts to a more patient-centered model, understanding needs and experiences of patients is vital. Gaining such insight can enhance the alignment of care with patient priorities, encouraging adherence to recovery-oriented interventions. We aimed to explore patient-defined recovery and the elements that modify the recovery process for patients with colorectal disease under enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) care.

Association between protein intake and functional capacity in critically ill patients: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) protein benchmarks are based on mortality and morbidity; whether these targets also support functional recovery is unknown. We assessed whether different protein doses influenced patients' functional capacity, measured by the Chelsea Physical Assessment score (CPAx).

Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study on ICU survivors with length of stay ≥7 days admitted between October 2014 and September 2020.

Prehabilitation in patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation: protocol of a feasibility study.

Introduction: Patients with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation (LT) are often frail, and malnourished. The period of time on the waitlist provides an opportunity to improve their physical fitness. Prehabilitation appears to improve the physical fitness of patients before major surgery.

Towards a common definition of surgical prehabilitation: a scoping review of randomised trials.

Background: There is no universally accepted definition for surgical prehabilitation. The objectives of this scoping review were to (1) identify how surgical prehabilitation is defined across randomised controlled trials and (2) propose a common definition.

Methods: The final search was conducted in February 2023 using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane.

Nutritional aspects of prehabilitation in adults with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplant.

Malnutrition, sarcopenia (low muscle mass), and physical frailty have gained increasing recognition in candidates for liver transplant (LT) as these conditions can impact postoperative functional capacity. Multidimensional prehabilitation programs have been proposed as a safe intervention in adults awaiting LT but the nutritional pillar of prehabilitation has been understudied. This review summarizes the nutritional recommendations for prehabilitation for individuals with cirrhosis awaiting LT.

International consensus is needed on a core outcome set to advance the evidence of best practice in cancer prehabilitation services and research.

Prehabilitation aims to optimise patients' physical and psychological status before treatment. The types of outcomes measured to assess the impact of prehabilitation interventions vary across clinical research and service evaluation, limiting the ability to compare between studies and services and to pool data. An international workshop involving academic and clinical experts in cancer prehabilitation was convened in May 2022 at Sheffield Hallam University's Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, England.

The impacts of diel thermal variability on growth, development and performance of wild Atlantic salmon () from two thermally distinct rivers.

Temperature in many natural aquatic environments follows a diel cycle, but to date, we know little on how diel thermal cycles affect fish biology. The current study investigates the growth, development and physiological performance of wild Atlantic salmon collected from the Miramichi and Restigouche rivers (NB, Canada). Fish were collected as parr and acclimated to either 16-21 or 19-24°C diel thermal cycles throughout the parr and smolt life stages.

Examining the utility of routine perioperative hemoglobin monitoring in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy.

Introduction: Patients undergoing radical nephrectomy (RN) are often admitted with protocolized bloodwork for several days following their operation, yet the clinical value of serial hemoglobin (Hgb) measurements has not been established. This can lead to unnecessary costs and can prolong patient stay, despite the absence of an intervention based on these lab values. This study sought to examine perioperative Hgb values and identify those patients at high risk of bleeding requiring intervention, as well as those patients who are unlikely to require further monitoring.

A survey of preoperative surgical nutrition practices, opinions, and barriers across Canada.

Malnutrition is prevalent among surgical candidates and associated with adverse outcomes. Despite being potentially modifiable, malnutrition risk screening is not a standard preoperative practice. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to understand healthcare professionals' (HCPs) opinions and barriers regarding screening and treatment of malnutrition.

Exploring the Use of Digital Interventions by People with Severe Mental Illness to Support Their Physical Health: A Mixed Methods Study.

People with severe mental illness (SMI) are more likely to experience physical health conditions than the general population. Little is known about the experience of people with SMI using digital health interventions (DHIs) to support their physical health. We explored how people with SMI use DHIs to support their physical health, the acceptability, factors affecting use, and impact on physical health.

4-Octyl Itaconate Alleviates Airway Eosinophilic Inflammation by Suppressing Chemokines and Eosinophil Development.

4-Octyl itaconate (4-OI) is a derivative of the Krebs cycle-derived metabolite itaconate and displays an array of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties through modifying cysteine residues within protein targets. We have found that 4-OI significantly reduces the production of eosinophil-targeted chemokines in a variety of cell types, including M1 and M2 macrophages, Th2 cells, and A549 respiratory epithelial cells. Notably, the suppression of these chemokines in M1 macrophages was found to be NRF2-dependent.

Estimating multiple years, tributary-specific, and overall Atlantic salmon smolt abundance in a large Canadian catchment using capture-mark-recapture experiments.

Population monitoring of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) abundance is an essential element to understand annual stock variability and inform fisheries management processes. Smolts are the life stage marking the transition from the freshwater to the marine phase of anadromous Atlantic salmon.

Association between dextrose-containing maintenance fluids and phosphorus supplementation during total parenteral nutrition initiation in adult patients who were hospitalized: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Use of dextrose-containing maintenance fluids prior to parenteral nutrition (PN) initiation is speculated to reduce the risk for refeeding syndrome. We aimed to assess if the use of dextrose vs nondextrose maintenance fluids before PN initiation changes electrolyte supplementation requirements and shifts during initiation.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who received nothing by mouth but received maintenance fluids ≥72 h before PN.