Genomic Vulnerability to Climate Change of an Australian Migratory Freshwater Fish, the Golden Perch (Macquaria ambigua).

Genomic vulnerability is a measure of how much evolutionary change is required for a population to maintain optimal genotype-environment associations under projected climates. Aquatic species, and in particular migratory ectotherms, are largely underrepresented in studies of genomic vulnerability. Such species might be well equipped for tracking suitable habitat and spreading diversity that could promote adaptation to future climates.

Atrial fibrillation symptom reduction and improved quality of life following the hybrid convergent procedure: a CONVERGE trial subanalysis.

Background: CONVERGE was a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial that evaluated the safety of Hybrid Atrial Fibrillation Convergent (HC) and compared its effectiveness to endocardial catheter ablation (CA) for the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation (PersAF) and longstanding PersAF (LSPAF). In 2020, we reported that CONVERGE met its primary safety and effectiveness endpoints. The primary objective of the present study is to report CONVERGE trial results for quality of life (QOL) and Class I/III anti-arrhythmic drug (AAD) utilization following HC.

Pegargiminase Plus First-Line Chemotherapy in Patients With Nonepithelioid Pleural Mesothelioma: The ATOMIC-Meso Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Arginine deprivation using ADI-PEG20 (pegargiminase) combined with chemotherapy is untested in a randomized study among patients with cancer. ATOMIC-Meso (ADI-PEG20 Targeting of Malignancies Induces Cytotoxicity-Mesothelioma) is a pivotal trial comparing standard first-line chemotherapy plus pegargiminase or placebo in patients with nonepithelioid pleural mesothelioma.

Objective: To determine the effect of pegargiminase-based chemotherapy on survival in nonepithelioid pleural mesothelioma, an arginine-auxotrophic tumor.

Thymic epithelial tumour radiotherapy in the UK: A survey of current clinical practice.

Significant variation in treatment centre setup and radiotherapy practice for thymic epithelial tumours (TET) was identified through a comprehensive survey of current UK Clinical (Radiation) Oncology practice. Multi-centre collaboration and wider TET specific multidisciplinary team meetings are needed and will be essential for developing expertise in TET radiotherapy.

A case of malignant mesothelioma in a young patient with childhood leukaemia who had received total body irradiation.

This case report explores a 34-year-old male diagnosed with mesothelioma who had no known risk factors. The patient initially was treated for empyema with antibiotics but later represented to hospital with worsening symptoms. He underwent a surgical Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery procedure and lung biopsy, which revealed a diagnosis of mesothelioma.

Hybrid epicardial-endocardial ablation for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation: A subanalysis of the CONVERGE Trial.

Background: Favorable clinical outcomes are difficult to achieve in long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (LSPAF) with catheter ablation (CA). The CONVERGE (Convergence of Epicardial and Endocardial Ablation for the Treatment of Symptomatic Persistent Atrial FIbrillation) trial evaluated the effectiveness of hybrid convergent (HC) ablation vs endocardial CA.

Objective: The study sought to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of HC vs CA in the LSPAF subgroup from the CONVERGE trial.

A prognostic score for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) receiving second-line immunotherapy or chemotherapy in the ETOP 9-15 PROMISE-meso phase III trial.

Introduction: Clinical and laboratory parameters associated with response for patients with advanced pre-treated malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) are lacking. We aimed to identify prognostic and predictive markers among patients with relapsed MPM who were randomised into the ETOP 9-15 PROMISE-meso phase III trial, evaluating pembrolizumab and chemotherapy.

Methods: Baseline clinical and laboratory parameters were investigated for prognostic or predictive value on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in a retrospective analysis, based on the full cohort of 144 MPM patients.

Residual ctDNA after treatment predicts early relapse in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Identification of residual disease in patients with localized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following treatment with curative intent holds promise to identify patients at risk of relapse. New methods can detect circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in plasma to fractional concentrations as low as a few parts per million, and clinical evidence is required to inform their use.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed 363 serial plasma samples from 88 patients with early-stage NSCLC (48.

Labile sex chromosomes in the Australian freshwater fish family Percichthyidae.

Sex-specific ecology has management implications, but rapid sex-chromosome turnover in fishes hinders sex-marker development for monomorphic species. We used annotated genomes and reduced-representation sequencing data for two Australian percichthyids, Macquarie perch Macquaria australasica and golden perch M. ambigua, and whole genome resequencing for 50 Macquarie perch of each sex, to identify sex-linked loci and develop an affordable sexing assay.

Social Assistance Programs and Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Assessment of Nutrition and Health Pathways.

Background: Poor birth outcomes are an important global public health problem. Social assistance programs that provide cash or in-kind transfers, such as food or vouchers, hold potential to improve birth outcomes but the evidence on their effectiveness has not been reviewed.

Objectives: We systematically reviewed studies that used experimental or quasi-experimental methods to evaluate the impacts of social assistance programs on outcomes in low- and middle-income countries.

Use of spatio-temporal habitat suitability modelling to prioritise areas for common carp biocontrol in Australia using the virus CyHV-3.

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are an invasive species of the rivers and waterways of south-eastern Australia, implicated in the serious decline of many native fish species. Over the past 50 years a variety of control options have been explored, all of which to date have proved either ineffective or cost prohibitive. Most recently the use of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) has been proposed as a biocontrol agent, but to assess the risks and benefits of this, as well as to develop a strategy for the release of the virus, a knowledge of the fundamental processes driving carp distribution and abundance is required.

Intergenerational nutrition benefits of India's national school feeding program.

India has the world's highest number of undernourished children and the largest school feeding program, the Mid-Day Meal (MDM) scheme. As school feeding programs target children outside the highest-return "first 1000-days" window, they have not been included in the global agenda to address stunting. School meals benefit education and nutrition in participants, but no studies have examined whether benefits carry over to their children.

Metagenomic sequencing reveals a lack of virus exchange between native and invasive freshwater fish across the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia.

Biological invasions are among the biggest threats to freshwater biodiversity. This is increasingly relevant in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, particularly since the introduction of the common carp (). This invasive species now occupies up to ninety per cent of fish biomass, with hugely detrimental impacts on native fauna and flora.

Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Absolute Lymphocyte Count as Prognostic Markers in Patients Treated with Curative-intent Radiotherapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Aims: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) have been proposed as prognostic markers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The objective of this study was to examine the association of NLR/ALC before and after curative-intent radiotherapy for NSCLC on disease recurrence and overall survival.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study of consecutive patients who underwent curative-intent radiotherapy for NSCLC across nine sites in the UK from 1 October 2014 to 1 October 2016.

Hybrid Convergent Procedure for the Treatment of Persistent and Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Results of CONVERGE Clinical Trial.

Background: The limited effectiveness of endocardial catheter ablation (CA) for persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment led to the development of a minimally invasive epicardial/endocardial ablation approach (Hybrid Convergent) to achieve a more comprehensive lesion set with durable transmural lesions. The multicenter randomized controlled CONVERGE trial (Convergence of Epicardial and Endocardial Ablation for the Treatment of Symptomatic Persistent AF) evaluated the safety of Hybrid Convergent and compared its effectiveness to CA for persistent and long-standing persistent AF treatment.

Methods: One-hundred fifty-three patients were randomized 2:1 to Hybrid Convergent versus CA.

Predicting the Risk of Disease Recurrence and Death Following Curative-intent Radiotherapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: The Development and Validation of Two Scoring Systems From a Large Multicentre UK Cohort.

Aims: There is a paucity of evidence on which to produce recommendations on neither the clinical nor the imaging follow-up of lung cancer patients after curative-intent radiotherapy. In the 2019 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence lung cancer guidelines, further research into risk-stratification models to inform follow-up protocols was recommended.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study of consecutive patients undergoing curative-intent radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer from 1 October 2014 to 1 October 2016 across nine UK trusts was carried out.

A multicentre randomised phase III trial comparing pembrolizumab versus single-agent chemotherapy for advanced pre-treated malignant pleural mesothelioma: the European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP 9-15) PROMISE-meso trial.

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy characterised by limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. At relapse after platinum-based chemotherapy, single-agent chemotherapy is commonly used and single-arm trials of immune-checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated encouraging activity.

Patients And Methods: PROMISE-meso is an open-label 1:1 randomised phase III trial investigating the efficacy of pembrolizumab (200 mg/Q3W) versus institutional choice single-agent chemotherapy (gemcitabine or vinorelbine) in relapsed MPM patients with progression after/on previous platinum-based chemotherapy.

Bargaining power, decision making, and biofortification: The role of gender in adoption of orange sweet potato in Uganda.

We examine the role of gender dimensions of intrahousehold bargaining power and decision making in the adoption and diffusion of orange sweet potato (OSP), a biofortified crop being promoted to increase dietary intakes of vitamin A in Uganda. We use patterns of ownership and control of land and other assets by married men and women to create gender-disaggregated indicators of bargaining power, allowing for joint and sole ownership and control of land and assets. Using data from an experimental evaluation of a project promoting OSP adoption, we find that the probability of adopting OSP is not affected by the exclusive or joint control of assets by women at the household level.

Primary Sinonasal Lymphoma: A Rare Cause of Cranial Neuropathies.

Primary sinonasal lymphomas are a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with an overall incidence of about 1% of all head and neck cancers. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of NHL and it most commonly occurs in elderly men. The diagnosis of such a lymphoma is difficult because of its varied presentation, which usually occurs late after a significant mass effect has taken place.