A Propensity Score Matching Study on the Effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA Alone versus Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy Plus Drug-of-Choice as Preventive Therapy in Chronic Migraine: Effects and Predictive Factors.

Objective: The objective of this study was to test the superiority of multidisciplinary approach, that is, Short-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (STPP) plus drug of choice, versus monotherapy, that is, OnabotulinumtoxinA (OnaBoNT-A).

Method: We consecutively recorded data from chronic migraine (CM) patients, with or without medication overuse headache (MOH), who underwent STPP or OnaBoNT-A, with a 3-month follow-up schedule. Headache days and analgesics intake were monitored as primary outcome measures.

Psychotherapeutic treatments evaluated with two instruments: clinical questionnaire and semantic differential.

We evaluated about 100 psychotherapeutic treatments on the Freudian model with two independent instruments: a clinical questionnaire (assessed globally and intuitively) and a semantic differential (processed through various mathematic analyses). The results obtained with the two instruments were compared, and we also compared the semantic evolution of patients with that of normal subjects. Both instruments show an undeniable average improvement among patients.

Evaluation of the patient's motivation for treatment during the first interview.

This article studies the motivations of patients for psychiatric consultation. A better understanding of patient-therapist interactions will be helpful in producing an initial psychotherapeutic intervention that, in turn, will lead to an immediate change in the patient's attitude, facilitating treatment by giving it a correct orientation. A clinical example illustrates the above points.

Short psychotherapeutic interventions (four sessions).

This paper points out: (1) The fundamental importance, during the patient's first visit, of a shift of the objective involvement on the therapist's person, when a significant real object fails. (2) An initial interpretation, based on understanding this mechanism, is mutational in that it transfers the mourning for relations to internal objects. (3) The patient usually takes medical advice when in a more or less open crisis situation, where his objective investment (internal and external) is shaken.

Application of Osgood's Semantic Differential to the study of psychotherapeutic treatments.

Osgood's Semantic Differential was applied to a group of 35 neurotic patients at initial and final stage of individual psychoanalytical psychotherapy. When compared to 'normal' subjects who had not undergone treatment but were examined under the same conditions, neurotic subjects showed, between test and retest, more conspicuous semantic changes, several of which--although not all--brought them closer to normal subjects.

Setting and motivation in brief psychotherapy.

The author reminds first a few elements of his own conception about the focalization as well as the influence of the setting on the psychic functioning. He shows how the dynamic elements which enlighten the central conflict of the patient occur already during the first minutes of the first interview. Such a conceptualization applies not only to short psychotherapies but also to all vital experiences which may be solved with a punctual psychotherapeutic intervention (1-3 sessions).

[Psychotherapy and culture].

This is a follow-up study of a group of patients of Foreign origin for which an indication for analytic psychotherapy was found. The importance of mutual therapist-patient recognition is emphasized. It seems necessary that the patient masters the cultural and socio-economic environment in which he lives, in order to open himself up to an intra-psychic reality.

[Changes occurring in psychotherapy measured by the Osgood semantic differential--methodologic elaboration].

General recall on Osgood's semantic differential. Motive and way of integrating it in research on the effects of psychotherapies. Report of some preliminary results from a transversal study of normal, neurotic and schizophrenic subjects and from a longitudinal study of normal and neurotic subjects.

[Psychoanalytic approach to family therapy].

Looking at the psychoanalysis and systemic point of view like different and opposed theories seems to be erroneous. On the basis of a clinical example, the author shows that those are the two sides of the same reality: psychic reality. A so-called "metapsychoanalitic approach" leads to discuss the points of dynamic links between interactions, unconscious desires and ideas, influence of playing on secondary fantasies moulding.

[Brief analytic psychotherapy and psychological change].

Of the basic principles of the brief analytic psychotherapy taught at the PPU of Lausanne, the comparison of different psychotherapy technics seems to show clearly the influence of the setting on the therapeutic process. Placed strictly on the freudian hypothesis that transference is at the same time factor of resistances and of changement, the author shows that it is possible to respect the psychoanalytic principles edicted by Freud in psychotherapy as well as in psychoanalysis: free associations, neutrality, lack of focalisation, interpretation, if the changes in psychic functioning provoked by the psychotherapeutic context are understood. An example illustrates this hypothesis.

Potentiometric titration of sulphate, sulphite and dithionate mixtures, with use of a lead ion-selective electrode.

Simple methods are described for the analysis of sulphate, sulphite and dithionate mixtures by potentiometric titration with lead perchlorate (and use of a lead ion-selective electrode). The error and precision are both about 2-5% for the sulphate concentration range 3 x 10(-3) -6 x 10(-4)M. The sulphur content in fuels derived from refuse was determined by potentiometric titration after bomb-combustion and the results compared favourably with those from the standard BaSO(4) gravimetric method.

[Occupational rehabilitation of patients with mental or psychosomatic disorders. Study of 389 cases].

The study of all the patients sent to the PPU by the disablement insurance in 1975 and 1976 (389 cases). The comparison of the propositions made in medical reports and the actual allowances provided by the disablement insurance reveals the following data: in 326 cases (84%) out of 389, medical doctors only conclude to the presence or absence of a certain rate of disability (from 0 to 100%), to the exclusion of any rehabilitational measure. In 63 cases (16%) measures were proposed such as a professional rehabilitation or a placing in a specialized institution for insertion to a new profession.