Identification of T lymphocytes in simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis: distribution of CD8+ T cells in association with central nervous system vessels and virus.

T lymphocytes are found within brains infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) where they are a minor, but consistently identified, population. However, little analysis of their phenotypes has been done, and questions concerning whether or not they are viral antigen specific has not been thoroughly examined. We investigated the central nervous system (CNS) of SIV-infected rhesus macaques to identify T-lymphocyte subsets in relation to virus-infected cells and brain microvessels.

Immune activation and CD8+ T-cell differentiation towards senescence in HIV-1 infection.

Progress in the fight against the HIV/AIDS epidemic is hindered by our failure to elucidate the precise reasons for the onset of immunodeficiency in HIV-1 infection. Increasing evidence suggests that elevated immune activation is associated with poor outcome in HIV-1 pathogenesis. However, the basis of this association remains unclear.

Identification of new candidate vaccine antigens made by Streptococcus pyogenes: purification and characterization of 16 putative extracellular lipoproteins.

Putative extracellular lipoproteins made by group A Streptococcus (GAS) are the focus of this study, which was designed to identify new candidate vaccine antigens. Bioinformatic analysis of a serotype M1 GAS strain identified 30 open-reading frames encoding putative lipoproteins. The genes encoding the mature form of 29 of these proteins were cloned, and 16 recombinant proteins were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to apparent homogeneity.