A new reliable index to measure individual deprivation: the EPICES score.

Background: Deprivation is associated with inequalities in health care and higher morbidity and mortality. To assess the reliability of a new individual deprivation score, the EPICES score and to analyse the association between the Townsend index, the Carstairs index and the EPICES score and causes of death in one French administrative region.

Methods: Eligible patients were 16 years old or more who had come for consultation in Health Examination Centres of the French administrative region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais.

Spatial inequalities in life expectancy within postindustrial regions of Europe: a cross-sectional observational study.

Objectives: To compare spatial inequalities in life expectancy (LE) in West Central Scotland (WCS) with nine other postindustrial European regions.

Design: A cross-sectional observational study.

Setting: WCS and nine other postindustrial regions across Europe.

Mapping of inflammatory bowel disease in northern France: spatial variations and relation to affluence.

Background: Geographic variations in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may reflect variations in the distribution of environmental etiologic factors. We assessed spatial variation in the incidence of IBD in northern France and analyzed its association with a deprivation index.

Methods: All cases of IBD included in the EPIMAD registry between 1990 and 2003 were extracted.