Proteomic and Lipidomic Profiling of Calves Experimentally Co-Infected with Influenza D Virus and : Insights into the Host-Pathogen Interactions.

The role of Influenza D virus (IDV) in bovine respiratory disease remains unclear. An in vivo experiment resulted in increased clinical signs, lesions, and pathogen replication in calves co-infected with IDV and (. ), compared to single-infected calves.

Identification of Astrovirus in the virome of the upper and lower respiratory tracts of calves with acute signs of bronchopneumonia.

Astroviruses (AstV) are known suspects of enteric disease in humans and livestock. Recently, AstV have been linked to encephalitis in immunocompromised patients and other animals, such as cattle, minks, and swine. In our study, we also identified AstV in the respiratory samples of calves with signs of bronchopneumonia, suggesting that their tropism could be even broader.

Cross-Neutralization between Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Types 1 and 2 after Vaccination with a BVDV-1a Modified-Live-Vaccine.

Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus types 1 and 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2) involves removing persistently infected animals from the herd, ensuring the biosecurity level of the farms and vaccination for the prevention of fetal infection. Given pestiviruses high genetic and antigenic diversities, one challenge for a BVDV vaccine is to provide the broadest possible heterologous protection against most genotypes and sub-genotypes. The Modified-Live Mucosiffa vaccine, which contains the BVDV-1 sub-genotype 1a (BVDV-1a) cytopathic Oregon C24 strain, was shown to protect fetuses of pregnant heifers against a challenge with a BVDV-1f Han strain.

Protection against Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Afforded by Maternal Antibodies from Cows Immunized with an Inactivated Vaccine.

The passive protection afforded by the colostrum from cattle that were vaccinated prepartum with an inactivated combination vaccine against the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was evaluated after an experimental challenge of calves. Pregnant cows without or with a low ELISA and neutralizing BRSV antibody titers were twice vaccinated or not vaccinated, the last immunization being at one month prior to calving. Vaccination was followed by a rapid increase in BRSV antibody titers after the second immunization.

Evolutionary and temporal dynamics of emerging influenza D virus in Europe (2009-22).

Influenza D virus (IDV) is an emerging influenza virus that was isolated for the first time in 2011 in the USA from swine with respiratory illness. Since then, IDV has been detected worldwide in different animal species, and it was also reported in humans. Molecular epidemiological studies revealed the circulation of two major clades, named D/OK and D/660.

Evaluating the potential of whole-genome sequencing for tracing transmission routes in experimental infections and natural outbreaks of bovine respiratory syncytial virus.

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major cause of respiratory disease in cattle. Genomic sequencing can resolve phylogenetic relationships between virus populations, which can be used to infer transmission routes and potentially inform the design of biosecurity measures. Sequencing of short (<2000 nt) segments of the 15 000-nt BRSV genome has revealed geographic and temporal clustering of BRSV populations, but insufficient variation to distinguish viruses collected from herds infected close together in space and time.

Understanding the mechanisms of viral and bacterial coinfections in bovine respiratory disease: a comprehensive literature review of experimental evidence.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most important diseases impacting the global cattle industry, resulting in significant economic loss. Commonly referred to as shipping fever, BRD is especially concerning for young calves during transport when they are most susceptible to developing disease. Despite years of extensive study, managing BRD remains challenging as its aetiology involves complex interactions between pathogens, environmental and host factors.

Development and assessment of a new bioassay for accurate quantification of Type I interferons induced by bovine respiratory viruses.

Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays a major role in antiviral and inflammatory processes of the infected host. In the bovine industry, the bovine respiratory disease complex is a major cause of economic and health problems. This disease is caused by interactions of pathogens, together with environmental and host factors.

Vaccination of Sheep with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Vaccines Does Not Protect against Fetal Infection after Challenge of Pregnant Ewes with Border Disease Virus.

Border Disease (BD) is a major sheep disease characterized by immunosuppression, congenital disorders, abortion, and birth of lambs persistently infected (PI) by Border Disease Virus (BDV). Control measures are based on the elimination of PI lambs, biosecurity, and frequent vaccination which aims to prevent fetal infection and birth of PI. As there are no vaccines against BDV, farmers use vaccines directed against the related Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV).

Influenza D virus in respiratory disease in Canadian, province of Québec, cattle: Relative importance and evidence of new reassortment between different clades.

Background: Influenza D virus (IDV), a segmented single-stranded negative-sense ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus, belongs to the new Delta influenza virus genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family. Cattle were proposed as the natural reservoir of IDV in which infection was associated with mild-to-moderate respiratory clinical signs (i.e.

Emerging Influenza D virus infection in European livestock as determined in serology studies: Are we underestimating its spread over the continent?

Influenza D virus (IDV) is a novel orthomyxovirus that was first isolated in 2011 in the United States from a swine exhibiting influenza-like disease. To date, its detection is extended to all continents and in a broad host range: IDV is circulating in cattle, swine, feral swine, camelids, small ruminants and horses. Evidence also suggests a possible species jump to humans, underlining the issue of zoonotic potential.

Formal estimation of the seropositivity cut-off of the hemagglutination inhibition assay in field diagnosis of influenza D virus in cattle and estimation of the associated true prevalence in Morocco.

The influenza D virus (IDV) was discovered less than ten years ago. Increased interest in this virus is due to its nature (RNA virus with high mutation rate), its worldwide circulation in livestock species, its probable role in bovine respiratory disease and its zoonotic potential. Until currently, the establishment of positivity cut-off of the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was not formalized in field conditions for the detection of antibodies directed against IDV in cattle (i.

Limited Cross-Protection Provided by Prior Infection Contributes to High Prevalence of Influenza D Viruses in Cattle.

Since its detection in swine, influenza D virus (IDV) has been shown to be present in multiple animal hosts, and bovines have been identified as its natural reservoir. However, it remains unclear how IDVs emerge, evolve, spread, and maintain in bovine populations. Through multiple years of virological and serological surveillance in a single order-buyer cattle facility in Mississippi, we showed consistently high seroprevalence of IDVs in cattle and recovered a total of 32 IDV isolates from both healthy and sick animals, including those with antibodies against IDV.

Global Transmission, Spatial Segregation, and Recombination Determine the Long-Term Evolution and Epidemiology of Bovine Coronaviruses.

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is widespread in cattle and wild ruminant populations throughout the world. The virus causes neonatal calf diarrhea and winter dysentery in adult cattle, as well as upper and lower respiratory tract infection in young cattle. We isolated and deep sequenced whole genomes of BCoV from calves with respiratory distress in the south-west of France and conducted a comparative genome analysis using globally collected BCoV sequences to provide insights into the genomic characteristics, evolutionary origins, and global diversity of BCoV.

Seroprevalence of influenza D virus in selected sample groups of Irish cattle, sheep and pigs.

Influenza D virus (IDV) is a new member of the Orthomyxoviridae family. It was first reported in swine in 2011 and isolated from bovine samples received for routine respiratory disease diagnosis in Ireland during 2014-2016. The goal of this study was to determine the seroprevalence in selected populations of IDV in cattle, pigs and sheep.

Serological Evidence of Influenza D Virus Circulation Among Cattle and Small Ruminants in France.

Influenza D virus (IDV) has first been identified in 2011 in the USA and was shown to mainly circulate in cattle. While IDV is associated with mild respiratory signs, its prevalence is still unknown. In the present study we show that IDV has been circulating throughout France in cattle and small ruminants, with 47.

A simple method to estimate the number of doses to include in a bank of vaccines. The case of Lumpy Skin Disease in France.

A simple method to estimate the size of the vaccine bank needed to control an epidemic of an exotic infectious disease in case of introduction into a country is presented. The method was applied to the case of a Lumpy Skin disease (LSD) epidemic in France. The size of the stock of vaccines needed was calculated based on a series of simple equations that use some trigonometric functions and take into account the spread of the disease, the time required to obtain good vaccination coverage and the cattle density in the affected region.

Pathogenesis, Host Innate Immune Response, and Aerosol Transmission of Influenza D Virus in Cattle.

The recently discovered influenza D virus (IDV) of the family has been detected in swine and ruminants with a worldwide distribution. Cattle are considered to be the primary host and reservoir, and previous studies suggested a tropism of IDV for the upper respiratory tract and a putative role in the bovine respiratory disease complex. This study aimed to characterize the pathogenicity of IDV in naive calves as well as the ability of this virus to transmit by air.

Risk of introduction of Lumpy Skin Disease into France through imports of cattle.

The lumpy skin disease (LSD) virus belongs to the genus Capripoxvirus and causes a disease in cattle with economic impacts. In November 2014, the disease was first reported in Europe (in Cyprus); it was then reported in Greece (in August 2015) and has spread through different Balkan countries since 2016. Although vector transmission is predominant in at-risk areas, long-distance transmission usually occurs through movements of infected cattle.

Risk of introduction of lumpy skin disease in France by the import of vectors in animal trucks.

Background: The lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a dsDNA virus belonging to the Poxviridae family and the Capripoxvirus genus. Lumpy skin diseases (LSD) is a highly contagious transboundary disease in cattle producing major economic losses. In 2014, the disease was first reported in the European Union (in Cyprus); it was then reported in 2015 (in Greece) and has spread through different Balkan countries in 2016.

Serologic Evidence for Influenza C and D Virus among Ruminants and Camelids, Africa, 1991-2015.

Influenza D virus has been identified in America, Europe, and Asia. We detected influenza D virus antibodies in cattle and small ruminants from North (Morocco) and West (Togo and Benin) Africa. Dromedary camels in Kenya harbored influenza C or D virus antibodies, indicating a potential new host for these viruses.