3-D Passive Cavitation Imaging Using Adaptive Beamforming and Matrix Array Transducer With Random Apodization.

With the development of promising cavitation-based treatments, the interest in cavitation monitoring with passive acoustic mapping (PAM) is significantly increasing. While most of studies regarding PAM are performed in 2-D, 3-D imaging modalities are getting more attention relying on either custom-made or commercial matrix probes. Unless specific phased-arrays are used for a specific application, limitations due to probe apertures often results in poor performances of the 3-D mapping, due to the use of a delay-and-sum (DAS) classic beamformer, which results in strong artifacts and large main lobe sizes.

Amniocele associated with placental abruption: a case report.

Amniocele is a rare condition involving herniation of the amniotic sac through a uterine breach. Our case is of a 29-year-old pregnant woman at 31 weeks of pregnancy who presented to the maternity triage of the Mirebalais Teaching Hospital for abdominal pain and the passage of blood through the vagina. After an ultrasonographic evaluation, the diagnosis of amniocele was made.

Defining human-AI teaming the human-centered way: a scoping review and network analysis.

Introduction: With the advancement of technology and the increasing utilization of AI, the nature of human work is evolving, requiring individuals to collaborate not only with other humans but also with AI technologies to accomplish complex goals. This requires a shift in perspective from technology-driven questions to a human-centered research and design agenda putting people and evolving teams in the center of attention. A socio-technical approach is needed to view AI as more than just a technological tool, but as a team member, leading to the emergence of human-AI teaming (HAIT).

Osteoclast microRNA Profiling in Rheumatoid Arthritis to Capture the Erosive Factor.

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), only a subset of patients develop irreversible bone destruction. Our aim was to identify a microRNA (miR)-based osteoclast-related signature predictive of erosiveness in RA. Seventy-six adults with erosive (E) or nonerosive (NE) seropositive RA and 43 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were recruited.

Vulvar leiomyosarcoma: A case report.

Vulvar leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant smooth muscle tumor and the most common type of vulvar sarcoma. It can mimic benign tumors, and misdiagnosis may delay appropriate treatment. A 35-year-old woman presented to the outpatient gynecology clinic at the Mirebalais Teaching Hospital for a right vulvar mass.

A review of Feijen, Feijen & Feijen (Diptera, Diopsidae) with description of a new species, key to the species, and discussion of intrageneric relationships.

For the recently established genus (Diopsidae, stalk-eyed flies), Feijen, Feijen & Feijen, is described from Madagascar. A concise catalogue is given for the genus and an identification key is presented for its six species. The differential character states are listed for the two species groups of the genus: the species group and the species group.

A rigged model of the breast for preoperative surgical planning.

In breast surgical practice, drawing is part of the preoperative planning procedure and is essential for a successful operation. In this study, we design a pipeline to assist surgeons with patient-specific breast surgical drawings. We use a deformable torso model containing the surgical patterns to match any breast surface scan.

Experimental and numerical investigation of pulsed flows in asevere aortic stenosed model.

Steady and pulsatile aortic stenotic flows through stenosis tubes were experimentally and numerically investigated. The objective was the understanding of the fluid dynamics in arterial geometries most relevant in the context of atherosclerosis. Axisymmetric phantoms corresponding to significant artery stenosis of 50% in diameter and severe aortic stenosis of 75% were respectively machined from silicon.

Anti-Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) activity and antioxidant capacity of carrageenan-rich enzymatic extracts from Solieria filiformis (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta).

Solieria filiformis has been reported to have molecules with various biological activities. In this study we used environmentally friendly extraction methods, such as enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), as a first step to obtain bioactive compounds from this species. Five combinations of protease (PRO) and carbohydrase (AMG) were utilized (1:0, 0:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 PRO:AMG) to obtain Water Soluble Enzymatic Hydrolysates (WSEHs).

Use of the Cross-Spectral Density Matrix for Enhanced Passive Ultrasound Imaging of Cavitation.

Passive ultrasound imaging is of great interest for cavitation monitoring. Spatiotemporal monitoring of cavitation bubbles in therapeutic applications is possible using an ultrasound imaging probe to passively receive the acoustic signals from the bubbles. Fourier-domain (FD) beamformers have been proposed to process the signals received into maps of the spatial localization of cavitation activity, with reduced computing times with respect to the time-domain approach, and to take advantage of frequency selectivity for cavitation regime characterization.

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of the Quadriceps Changes during an Extreme Mountain Ultramarathon.

Introduction/purpose: Extreme ultra-endurance races are growing in popularity, but their effects on skeletal muscles remain mostly unexplored. This longitudinal study explores physiological changes in mountain ultramarathon athletes' quadriceps using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coupled with serological biomarkers. The study aimed to monitor the longitudinal effect of the race and recovery and to identify local inflammatory and metabolic muscle responses by codetection of biological markers.

Medial axis segmentation of cranial nerves using shape statistics-aware discrete deformable models.

Purpose: We propose a segmentation methodology for brainstem cranial nerves using statistical shape model (SSM)-based deformable 3D contours from T MR images.

Methods: We create shape models for ten pairs of cranial nerves. High-resolution T MR images are segmented for nerve centerline using a 1-Simplex discrete deformable 3D contour model.

Weighting the Passive Acoustic Mapping Technique With the Phase Coherence Factor for Passive Ultrasound Imaging of Ultrasound-Induced Cavitation.

Ultrasound (US) cavitation is currently being explored for low-invasive therapy techniques applied to a wide panel of pathologies. Because of the random behavior of cavitation, a real-time spatial monitoring system may be required. For this purpose, the US passive imaging techniques have been recently investigated.

Size-Selective Carbon Clusters as Obstacles to Graphene Growth on a Metal.

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on metals is so far the best suited method to produce high-quality, large-area graphene. We discovered an unprecedentedly large family of small size-selective carbon clusters that form together with graphene during CVD. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT), we unambiguously determine their atomic structure.

Mutant Best1 Expression and Impaired Phagocytosis in an iPSC Model of Autosomal Recessive Bestrophinopathy.

Autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB) is caused by mutations in the gene BEST1 which encodes bestrophin 1 (Best1), an anion channel expressed in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. It has been hypothesized that ARB represents the human null phenotype for BEST1 and that this occurs due to nonsense mediated decay (NMD). To test this hypothesis, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient with ARB and her parents.

Geometric and mechanical evaluation of 3D-printing materials for skull base anatomical education and endoscopic surgery simulation - A first step to create reliable customized simulators.

Introduction: Endoscopic skull base surgery allows minimal invasive therapy through the nostrils to treat infectious or tumorous diseases. Surgical and anatomical education in this field is limited by the lack of validated training models in terms of geometric and mechanical accuracy. We choose to evaluate several consumer-grade materials to create a patient-specific 3D-printed skull base model for anatomical learning and surgical training.

Self-righting potential and the evolution of shell shape in Galápagos tortoises.

Self-righting, the capacity of an animal to self-turn after falling on its back, is a fitness-related trait. Delayed self-righting can result in loss of mating opportunities or death. Traits involved in self-righting may therefore be under selection.

Accompanying the frequency shift of the nonlinear resonance of a gas bubble using a dual-frequency excitation.

An asymptotic method is applied to analyze the nonlinear oscillations of a gas bubble driven by a dual-frequency excitation. More specifically, the latter is considered as a combination of two neighboring, incommensurate frequencies and is treated as a nonstationary excitation. This implies that both amplitude and phase of the bubble response are slowly oscillating at the time scale of the frequency difference, thus leading to a regime of aperiodic oscillations.

MRI-Based Medial Axis Extraction and Boundary Segmentation of Cranial Nerves Through Discrete Deformable 3D Contour and Surface Models.

This paper presents a segmentation technique to identify the medial axis and the boundary of cranial nerves. We utilize a 3-D deformable one-simplex discrete contour model to extract the medial axis of each cranial nerve. This contour model represents a collection of two-connected vertices linked by edges, where vertex position is determined by a Newtonian expression for vertex kinematics featuring internal and external forces, the latter of which include attractive forces toward the nerve medial axis.

Experimental evidence of nonlinear mode coupling between spherical and nonspherical oscillations of microbubbles.

We report observations of strong nonlinear interactions between the spherical, translational, and shape oscillations of micrometer-size bubbles. This is achieved through high-speed recordings of single bubble dynamics driven by amplitude-modulated ultrasound. The features of mode coupling are highlighted through (i) the exponential growth of the parametrically excited mode (n=3) triggered by the spherical oscillations followed by a saturation due to energy transfer towards the translation and even modes, (ii) the excitation of modes well below their parametric pressure threshold, and (iii) clear modification of the breathing mode R(t).

Control of Maintenance and Regeneration of Planarian Eyes by ovo.

Purpose: Following decapitation, the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea regenerates its head and eyes. The gene ovo is required for eye maintenance and regeneration in response to wounding. In this study, we investigated whether eye regeneration in S.