Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19: a phenotype of severe COVID-19 pneumonitis? The results of the UK POETIC survey.

Background: There is an emerging understanding that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased incidence of pneumomediastinum (PTM). We aimed to determine its incidence among patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK and describe factors associated with outcome.

Methods: A structured survey of PTM and its incidence was conducted from September 2020 to February 2021.

Focus on the role of seed tannins and pectolytic enzymes in the color development of Pinot noir wine.

Maceration techniques which promote the extraction of color pigments and tannin from grapes are often sought in Pinot noir winemaking to optimise color stability; alternatively, exogenous grape tannins may be included during fermentation. To examine the effect of seed-derived tannins and the use of pectolytic enzymes on color development in wines, conventional must preparations of L. cv Pinot noir grapes were compared with wines made using a supplementary addition of either a commercial seed tannin product or previously fermented seeds, while in a complementary experiment, seeds were sequentially removed during fermentation.

Anatomical constraints to nonstomatal diffusion conductance and photosynthesis in lycophytes and bryophytes.

Photosynthesis in bryophytes and lycophytes has received less attention than terrestrial plant groups. In particular, few studies have addressed the nonstomatal diffusion conductance to CO g of these plant groups. Their lower photosynthetic rate per leaf mass area at any given nitrogen concentration compared with vascular plants suggested a stronger limitation by CO diffusion.

Linking Auxin with Photosynthetic Rate via Leaf Venation.

Land plants lose vast quantities of water to the atmosphere during photosynthetic gas exchange. In angiosperms, a complex network of veins irrigates the leaf, and it is widely held that the density and placement of these veins determines maximum leaf hydraulic capacity and thus maximum photosynthetic rate. This theory is largely based on interspecific comparisons and has never been tested using vein mutants to examine the specific impact of leaf vein morphology on plant water relations.

The role of strigolactones and ethylene in disease caused by Pythium irregulare.

Plant hormones play key roles in defence against pathogen attack. Recent work has begun to extend this role to encompass not just the traditional disease/stress hormones, such as ethylene, but also growth-promoting hormones. Strigolactones (SLs) are the most recently defined group of plant hormones with important roles in plant-microbe interactions, as well as aspects of plant growth and development, although the knowledge of their role in plant-pathogen interactions is extremely limited.

Using excised leaves to screen lucerne for salt tolerance: physiological and cytological evidence.

Salinity affects many physiological processes at all levels of plant structural organization. Being a physiologically and genetically complex trait, salinity tolerance implies a coordinated contribution of multiple mechanisms, making plant screening for salt tolerance extremely difficult. In this work, we show how the use of excised leaves can fulfill that task.

Auxin-Induced Resistance to Common Scab Disease of Potato Linked to Inhibition of Thaxtomin A Toxicity.

Production of the phytotoxin thaxtomin A by pathogenic Streptomyces spp. is essential for induction of common scab disease in potato. Prior studies have shown that foliar application of sublethal concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and other auxin or auxin-like compounds significantly reduced severity and occurrence of common scab in subsequently produced tubers.

Physiology and anatomy of lenticel-like structures on leaves of Eucalyptus nitens and Eucalyptus globulus seedlings.

Intumescences or abnormal, non-pathogenic, blister-like protuberant growths, form on Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and, to a much lesser extent, Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden leaves when plants are grown in a high relative humidity environment. We examined the histology of intumescences and their effects on leaf photosynthetic processes.