Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for acute renal colic.

Background: Urolithiasis (urinary stones) is a common disease with an increasing incidence globally. It often presents with renal colic, which is characterised by acute and intense abdominal pain. The first step in the management of renal colic is pain control.

Sudden cardiac arrest in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Are there electrocardiographic predictors?

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) predisposes patients to cardiac arrest (CA). While established major risk factors may warrant the need for primary prevention by implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), it is unknown if specific electrocardiographic predictors are associated with CA. Our objective was to determine the risk of CA in patients with HCM based on the presence of identified electrocardiographic arrhythmias and conduction disorders.

Examining acquired brain injury-associated symptoms and fluid-based biomarkers in females surviving intimate partner violence: An observational pilot study protocol.

Background: Acquired brain injury (ABI), including traumatic brain injury and hypoxic/anoxic injury, presents significant public health concerns; however, existing literature has focused primarily on male populations, such as military personnel and contact sports participants. Sex-related differences in ABI outcomes necessitate focused research due to potential heightened risk and distinct physiological responses among females.

Objectives: This pilot study aims to explore fluid-based biomarkers for neurological injury and inflammation in females experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV)-related assaults to the head, neck, or face.

Combining single-cell ATAC and RNA sequencing for supervised cell annotation.

Motivation: Single-cell analysis offers insights into cellular heterogeneity and individual cell function. Cell type annotation is the first and critical step for performing such an analysis. Current methods mostly utilize single-cell RNA sequencing data.

Failure gas analysis of lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminium oxide cells from different manufacturers.

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are now commonplace industrially and domestically, innovations in their size and capability in terms of charge and discharge rates also mean LIB applications are growing. LIBs also present a unique challenge when the undesirable happens and they fail. One of the motifs of catastrophic LIB failure is the production of large volumes of flammable and toxic gas.

Thalamic deep brain stimulation improves movement in a cerebellar model of lesion-based status dystonicus.

Dystonia is the third most common movement disorder and an incapacitating co-morbidity in a variety of neurologic conditions. Dystonia can be caused by genetic, degenerative, idiopathic, and acquired etiologies, which are hypothesized to converge on a "dystonia network" consisting of the basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex. In acquired dystonia, focal lesions to subcortical network regions lead to dystonia that can be difficult to manage with canonical treatments, including deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Advancing terrestrial ecology by improving cross-temporal research and collaboration.

Ecology spans spatial and temporal scales and is inclusive of the history of life on Earth. However, research that occurs at millennial timescales or longer has historically been defined as paleoecology and has not always been well integrated with modern (neo-) ecology. This bifurcation has been previously highlighted, with calls for improved engagement among the subdisciplines, but their priority research areas have not been directly compared.

The Role of Sociodemographics in Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Osteosarcoma: A Population Based Study.

Background: In our population-based study, we examine the impact of patient demographics on disease presentation, treatment and survival for children, adolescents, and young adults with osteosarcoma.

Methods: Patient data was downloaded from The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Cases included patients ages 0-24 years who were diagnosed with osteosarcoma between 2004 and 2020.

Immunobridging Trials: An Important Tool to Protect Vulnerable and Immunocompromised Patients Against Evolving Pathogens.

Safeguarding patients from emerging infectious diseases demands strategies that prioritise patient well-being and protection. Immunobridging is an established trial methodology which has been increasingly employed to ensure patient protection and provide clinicians with swift access to vaccines. It uses immunological markers to infer the effectiveness of a new drug through a surrogate measure of efficacy.

Ferns as facilitators of community recovery following biotic upheaval.

The competitive success of ferns has been foundational to hypotheses about terrestrial recolonization following biotic upheaval, from wildfires to the Cretaceous-Paleogene asteroid impact (66 million years ago). Rapid fern recolonization in primary successional environments has been hypothesized to be driven by ferns' high spore production and wind dispersal, with an emphasis on their competitive advantages as so-called disaster taxa. We propose that a competition-based view of ferns is outdated and in need of reexamination in light of growing research documenting the importance of positive interactions (i.

Assessing the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors on bone utilizing machine learning-assisted opportunistic quantitative computed tomography.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in cancer treatment, yet their impact on bone health remains unclear. This study aimed to perform a retrospective cohort study utilizing routine CT scans from patients with melanoma to perform opportunistic QCT analysis to investigate the effects of ICI treatment on skeletal health, including volumetric BMD (vBMD) measurements and osteoarthritis (OA) parameters. A previously established machine learning-assisted opportunistic QCT pipeline was used to estimate lumbar spine vBMD from baseline and 12-mo follow-up CT scans in patients with melanoma treated with ICI therapy and those not treated with ICI therapy.

A Strategy for Simultaneous Engineering of Interspecies Cross-Reactivity, Thermostability, and Expression of a Bispecific 5T4 x CD3 DART Molecule for Treatment of Solid Tumors.

Bispecific antibodies represent a promising class of biologics for cancer treatment. However, their dual specificity and complex structure pose challenges in the engineering process, often resulting in molecules with good functional but poor physicochemical properties. To overcome limitations in the properties of an anti-5T4 x anti-CD3 (α5T4 x αCD3) DART molecule, a phage-display method was developed, which succeeded in simultaneously engineering cross-reactivity to the cynomolgus 5T4 ortholog, improving thermostability and the elevating expression level.

A systematic review of current national hospital-based stroke registries monitoring access to evidence-based care and patient outcomes.

Background: National stroke clinical quality registries/audits support improvements in stroke care. In a 2016 systematic review, 28 registries were identified. Since 2016 there have been important advances in stroke care, including the development of thrombectomy services.

NutriSighT: Interpretable Transformer Model for Dynamic Prediction of Hypocaloric Enteral Nutrition in Mechanically Ventilated Patients.

Achieving adequate enteral nutrition among mechanically ventilated patients is challenging, yet critical. We developed NutriSighT, a transformer model using learnable positional coding to predict which patients would achieve hypocaloric nutrition between days 3-7 of mechanical ventilation. Using retrospective data from two large ICU databases (3,284 patients from AmsterdamUMCdb - development set, and 6,456 from MIMIC-IV - external validation set), we included adult patients intubated for at least 72 hours.

The role of hospital performance on race and ethnicity outcome disparities for US non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.

Background: Factors contributing to worse outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) from minoritized communities are poorly understood. We sought to evaluate the impact of receiving hospital performance on OHCA outcome disparities.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of non-traumatic OHCAs from the National Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival from 2013 to 2022 that survived hospital admission.

Contextualizing the Upper Paleolithic of the Armenian Highlands: New data from Solak-1, central Armenia.

As a potential corridor connecting Southwest Asia with western and northern Europe, the Armenian Highlands and southern Caucasus hold great potential for increasing our understanding of Upper Paleolithic behavioral and cultural variability. However, given the dearth of Upper Paleolithic sites, we lack the data necessary to answer basic questions regarding the timing and nature of the Upper Paleolithic in this region. Solak-1 is an open-air site located along the upper Hrazdan Valley (1635 m above sea level) in central Armenia.

Fish waste biorefinery: A novel approach to promote industrial sustainability.

In pursuit of sustainability and resource efficiency, concept of the circular economy has emerged as a promising framework for industries worldwide. The global fish processing industry generates a significant amount of waste, posing environmental challenges and economic inefficiencies. The substantial volume of fish waste generated globally along with its environmental impact highlights the urgent need to adopt sustainable practices.

Feasibility and acceptability for LION, a fully remote, randomized clinical trial within the VA for light therapy to improve sleep in Veterans with and without TBI: An MTBI2 sponsored protocol.

Sleep-wake disturbances frequently present in Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). These TBI-related sleep impairments confer significant burden and commonly exacerbate other functional impairments. Therapies to improve sleep following mTBI are limited and studies in Veterans are even more scarce.

A Survey of Forensic Pathologists Regarding Medicolegal Investigation of Perinatal and Stillborn Deaths.

Stillborn and perinatal deaths may be referred to medical examiners and coroners for investigation and determination of cause and/or manner of death. One of the key questions is determining a live birth from a stillbirth. We surveyed 147 forensic pathologists to assess their investigative practices for these deaths and for their ability to diagnose a live birth and a stillbirth.

BioBERT based text mining for incorporating prior knowledge in the inference of genetic network models.

Reconstruction of Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) is essential for understanding gene interactions, their impact on cellular processes, and manifestation of diseases, including drug discovery. Among various mathematical and dynamic models used for GRN reconstruction, S-system model, comprising non-linear differential equations, is widely utilised to capture the behaviour of complex biological systems with non-linear and time-dependent interactions. However, as the network size increases, computational demand for network inference grows due to a greater number of estimation parameters, significantly impacting the performance of optimisation algorithms.

Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neglected tropical diseases in India: a perspective.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly challenged healthcare systems worldwide, particularly in India, a country already burdened with a high prevalence of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). This perspective examines the pandemic's direct and indirect impacts on the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of NTDs in India. Using a narrative review approach, we analyzed literature published between January 2020 and September 2023 from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, along with grey literature.

HIV prevention and missed opportunities among people with recently acquired HIV infection: Α protocol for a systematic review.

Background: Individuals who have recently acquired HIV represent a unique population because the time frame since HIV acquisition is relatively short and identification of missed HIV prevention opportunities is, therefore, closer to real time and less subject to recall bias. Identifying prevention measures used and missed opportunities for using them, can help stop further HIV transmission.

Objectives: This systematic review aims to synthesise current global evidence on uptake of HIV prevention methods among people with recently acquired HIV from 2007, the year that the concept of ART as a prevention method was first introduced.

Canadian Highly Sensitized Patient Program Report: A 1000 Kidney Transplants Story.

Purpose: Highly sensitized patients (HSPs) with kidney failure have limited access to kidney transplantation and poorer post-transplant outcomes. Prioritizing HSPs in kidney allocation systems and expanding the pool of deceased donors available to them has helped to reduce their wait times for transplant and enhanced post-transplant outcomes. The Canadian HSP Program was established by Canadian Blood Services in collaboration with provincial organ donation and transplantation programs throughout the country to increase transplant opportunities for transplant candidates needing very specific matches from deceased kidney donors.

The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection by Nucleic Acid Amplification test in women of reproductive age group under treatment for infertility.

Background: In India, the prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT) studies in different groups are focused on high-risk populations - HIV-positive women and female sex workers - and have shown a variable prevalence rate ranging from 1.1 to 45%. One concern about comparing these studies is that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test is estimated to be only 65-70% sensitive.