A scoping review of how exposure to urban violence impacts youth access to sexual, reproductive and trauma health care in LMICs.

Violence in the community can impact access to health care. This scoping review examines the impact of urban violence upon youth (aged 15-24) access to sexual and reproductive health and trauma care in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). We searched key electronic health and other databases for primary peer-reviewed studies from 2010 through June 2020.

How End-of-Life Blogs Re-Affirm the "Power to be Oneself".

Powerlessness generally denotes loss of control and may be experienced among those with a terminal diagnosis and, as such, empowerment is a dominant discourse in end-of-life policy in the western Anglo-Saxon world. This paper analyzes thematically blogs authored by three people with a terminal diagnosis to examine the "power to be oneself," a concept which was identified in the "Ethics of Powerlessness" project conducted in the UK. The analysis demonstrates that the bloggers assert the "power to be themselves" which is expressed in three principal ways.

Drug testing on arrest-who benefits?

Background: Drugs and crime are linked and diversion from the criminal justice system into drug treatment is a well-established policy response. The point of arrest is a pivotal moment to initiate a drug-specific intervention. This paper assesses the impact of the introduction of drug testing on arrest (DToA) into a low crime area in England.

Takotsubo syndrome: voices to be heard.

This paper is written from the perspective of patients who have been diagnosed with takotsubo syndrome. It seeks to understand why these patients may feel dissatisfied with the care they receive. We consider four factors: (a) takotsubo syndrome is a relatively new condition and the knowledge base about treatment is limited and not widely disseminated among clinicians; (b) the age and gender profile of the patient group; (c) the implications of the categorisation of takotsubo syndrome as 'broken heart syndrome' and the over-emphasis of it as a 'psychosomatic' condition; (d) concern that patients with takotsubo syndrome might be labelled as over-emotional, especially if they do not recover quickly.

Levels of resilience and delivery of HIV care in response to urban violence and crime.

Aims: To understand the impact of urban violence and crime on HIV care delivery.

Background: Urban violence and crime can put pressure on the healthcare system and on nursing staff. Whilst there is research about the impact this has at the individual level, there is less research that places this in the context of the overall social eco-system.

Exploring the Relationship (and Power Dynamic) Between Researchers and Public Partners Working Together in Applied Health Research Teams.

Public involvement in applied health research in the UK has become a pre-requisite for receiving funding from some bodies including the National Institute of Health Research. However, much of this involvement has been criticized as being tokenistic with an unequal power dynamic whereby the public voice is consulted but may be ignored. To redress this imbalance more participatory methods of involvement, such as co-production have emerged.

"Ghosts From the Past": The Re-Emergence of Internalized Religious Stigma Following Diagnosis of HIV Among Northern Irish Gay Men.

This article explores how previous exposure to religious homonegativity features in the sense-making process following HIV diagnosis in a homogenous sample of six gay men living in Northern Ireland. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to identify two key overarching themes: Negotiating authenticity in unsafe space, which relates to the experience of negotiating same-sex attraction within religious environments, and Re-emergence of religious shame in diagnosis, which relates to the way in which the men made sense of diagnosis from the position of having been exposed to religious homonegativity earlier in their lives. Findings demonstrate how the men negotiated their sexual orientation within religious contexts and how a reconstruction of God was necessary to preserve an authentic sense of self.

Power to the people: To what extent has public involvement in applied health research achieved this?

Plain English Summary: Public involvement is required for applied health research funded in the UK. One of the largest funders, the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), makes it clear that it values the knowledge of patients and the public. As a result, there are now many resources to make sure that the public voice is included in decision-making about research.

Pathways to care: how superdiversity shapes the need for navigational assistance.

The recently developed sociological concept of superdiversity provides a potentially interesting and useful way of developing an understanding of life in contemporary Europe. Here we report on research based on individual narratives about access to health care, as described by a range of people from very different sociocultural backgrounds in four European countries. This article notes the frequent appearance in first-person narratives of the need for navigational assistance in the form of knowledge, cultural competence and orientation that facilitate the identification and use of pathways to health care.

Mental health care training for practitioners in remote and rural areas.

Background: Rural and island health care staff in Scotland are required to manage patients experiencing mental health crises. To ensure practitioners in remote and rural areas have the necessary skills, the Remote and Rural Healthcare Educational Alliance (RRHEAL) were asked to develop a pre-hospital mental health care course.

Methods: Several mental health care experts were asked to express an opinion on the essential content of such a course.

Building research capital to facilitate research.

The National Institute for Health Research, Research Design Service (NIHR RDS) was set up to increase the number and proportion of high quality applications for funding for applied and patient focused health and social care research. Access to specialist expertise and collaboration between researchers and health practitioners at the proposal development stage is crucial for high quality applied health research. In this essay we develop the concept of 'research capital' to describe the wide range of resources and expertise required to develop fundable research projects.

Reflections on sex research among young Bedouin in Jordan: risks and limitations.

Research about sexuality is characterised by silences and invisibilities. This is particularly evident in some Islamic Arab societies where discussion of sexuality in general is not encouraged and practices such as homosexuality or pre-marital sex are not acknowledged. This creates a barrier to carrying out sex research and also means that much of the research-based knowledge and methodologies developed in a Western setting may have limited applicability.

Health, sustainability and student travel.

A survey of 246 pre-registration nursing students in a University in the South West of England was carried out to explore the impact of course related travel on the student experience. Results from the survey indicated that students' main mode of transport to practice placements was by car which reflects the rural nature of the South West and the relative paucity of public transport. Long distances that many students travel to their study centre and to placements, and the concurrent financial strain that this creates, impacted negatively on the student experience.

Exploring the ambiguities of masculinity in accounts of emotional distress in the military among young ex-servicemen.

This paper examines the experiences and perspectives of ex-military servicemen in the UK. It focuses specifically on the complex links between emotional distress and various constructions of 'masculinity' in a military context. Aspects of military culture that exacerbate vulnerability and also those that are protective to mental health are identified and discussed with reference to the theoretical constructs relating to hegemonic masculinity.

Home next day: early discharge of children following appendicectomy.

Fifty-six children in two groups were discharged within 24 hours of an uncomplicated appendicectomy. While the children in the first group (N = 21) were visited by a nurse at home within 24 hours of discharge, the second group (N = 35) just received telephone calls. The cohort was evaluated by telephone interviews two weeks after discharge.

Biographical disruption associated with multiple sclerosis: using propensity scoring to assess the impact.

Chronic illness such as multiple sclerosis (MS) is often associated with 'biographical disruption', a concept that is derived from qualitative narrative analyses examining how people make sense of their illness in the context of their lives [Bury, M. (1982). Chronic illness as biographical disruption.

"We are not completely Westernised": dual medical systems and pathways to health care among Chinese migrant women in England.

This examination of how Chinese migrant women resident in England engage with Western and Chinese healthcare systems when seeking treatment considers whether medical pluralism can enhance the cultural appropriateness of health care. The paper identifies the extent to which women's pathways to healthcare can be seen as 'Chinese' or as a reflection of the Western culture in which they live. It is based on an analysis of in-depth interviews with 42 women of Chinese origin living in the South East of England.

Is the English National Health Service meeting the needs of mentally distressed Chinese women?

Objectives: To identify barriers to communication between health care workers and Chinese women living in England, a group who are known to use the National Health Service (NHS) less than other ethnic groups; to consider whether such barriers lead to inequitable access to NHS mental health treatment; and to determine the extent to which this results from institutional racism.

Method: A purposive sample of 42 Chinese women living in South-East England aged 29-60 years derived from a primary care group, two secondary mental health service providers and three Chinese associations. Subjects had all consulted a general practitioner and had either experienced mental distress (n= 24) and/or had used traditional Chinese medicine (n = 25).

'Inappropriate' attendance at an accident and emergency department by adults registered in local general practices: how is it related to their use of primary care?

Objectives: To identify the relationship between 'inappropriate' attendance at an accident and emergency department (AED) by adults registered with local general practices and their use of primary care.

Methods: A case-control study matched for age, sex, distance from the AED, social class and registered general practice and set in a single AED and two health centres in South Essex. The participants were a total of 452 patients over 15 years old from the two health centres classified as having attended the AED 'inappropriately' in 1997 as identified by a modified Sheffield process method, and 452 controls.

AIDS and euthanasia.

This paper estimates the proportion of people with HIV who have considered asking assistance to end their lives and explores their motivations and plans of action to hasten death. 16/57 (28%) people with HIV have considered asking for assistance to hasten death, significantly more than seronegative controls (4/67) (3%) (p < 0.001).

Preparing for the future.

Nursing is undergoing radical and fundamental changes. The impact of Project 2000 and the recruitment and retention of professional staff have profound implications for the delivery of patient care. All this is taking place in a service under threat from the demographic 'black hole' - the dearth of young people who will work in the health service due to the low birth rate in the early 1970s.