Transmission Electron Microscopy Observation of Morphological Changes to Cryptophlebia Leucotreta Granulovirus following Ultraviolet Irradiation.

Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV), a double-stranded DNA virus (genus , family ), is highly infective to the citrus insect pest . The South African isolate CrleGV-SA is formulated into a commercial biopesticide and registered for use in several countries. In South Africa, it is used as a biopesticide in a multi-faceted integrated pest management approach for citrus crops involving chemical and biological control methods.

Selection for and Analysis of UV-Resistant Cryptophlebia Leucotreta Granulovirus-SA as a Biopesticide for .

Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus-SA (CrleGV-SA) is used as a commercial biopesticide for the false codling moth, , in citrus and other crops. The virus is sensitive to UV irradiation from sunlight, which reduces its efficacy as a biopesticide in the field. We selected a UV-resistant CrleGV-SA isolate, with more than a thousand-fold improved virulence compared to the wild-type isolate, measured by comparing LC values.

-Catenin Regulation in Sporadic Colorectal Carcinogenesis: Not as Simple as APC.

Background: The wnt/APC/-catenin pathway is a critical initiator in colorectal carcinogenesis in both hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). The progression of this process remains incompletely understood, although inflammation is pivotal. Drivers of inflammation are elevated in malignant tissue and have been shown to regulate -catenin expression.

Quantified colocalization reveals heterotypic histocompatibility class I antigen associations on trophoblast cell membranes: relevance for human pregnancy.

Human placental syncytiotrophoblasts lack expression of most types of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II molecules; this is thought to contribute to a successful pregnancy. However, the HLA class Ib antigens HLA-G, -E, and -F and the HLA class Ia antigen HLA-C are selectively expressed on extravillous trophoblast cells, and they are thought to play a major role in controlling feto-maternal tolerance. We have hypothesized that selective expression, coupled with the preferential physical association of pairs of HLA molecules, contribute to the function of HLA at the feto-maternal interface and the maternal recognition of the fetus.

Key cellular components and interactive histocompatibility molecules regulating tolerance to the fetal allograft.

Implantation is a major landmark in life. It involves the correct apposition of the embryo in the maternal endometrium. The cellular environment influences placenta development, and direct contact of the fetus with maternal tissues is achieved through decidual cells.

Effect of Sutherlandia frutescens on the lipid metabolism in an insulin resistant rat model and 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

High fat diet induced insulin resistance correlates with dyslipidaemia and ectopic fat deposits in skeletal muscle and liver. The effects of Sutherlandia frutescens, an antidiabetic medicinal plant, on lipid metabolism were evaluated in an insulin resistant (IR) rat model and in 3 T3-preadipocytes. Wistar rats received normal diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD).

Sutherlandia frutescens limits the development of insulin resistance by decreasing plasma free fatty acid levels.

Intake of high caloric food induces raised plasma free fatty acids, culminating in insulin resistance (IR) and Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2). The present study has shown for the first time that Sutherlandia frutescens reduces plasma free fatty acid levels in rats fed a high fat diet, thereby preventing the development of insulin resistance. A commercially available S.

Caspase-3 activation and induction of PARP cleavage by cyclic dipeptide cyclo(Phe-Pro) in HT-29 cells.

Background: Cyclo(Phe-Pro) has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis in HT-29 colon cancer cells.

Materials And Methods: The molecular mechanisms mediating cyclo(Phe-Pro)-induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells were investigated. Cells were treated with 5 mM or 10 mM cyclo(Phe-Pro) for varying times.