Towards algorithm auditing: managing legal, ethical and technological risks of AI, ML and associated algorithms.

-Business reliance on algorithms is becoming ubiquitous, and companies are increasingly concerned about their algorithms causing major financial or reputational damage. High-profile cases include Google's AI algorithm for photo classification mistakenly labelling a black couple as gorillas in 2015 (Gebru 2020 In , pp. 251-269), Microsoft's AI chatbot Tay that spread racist, sexist and antisemitic speech on Twitter (now X) (Wolf .

Computational modelling for decision-making: where, why, what, who and how.

In order to deal with an increasingly complex world, we need ever more sophisticated computational models that can help us make decisions wisely and understand the potential consequences of choices. But creating a model requires far more than just raw data and technical skills: it requires a close collaboration between model commissioners, developers, users and reviewers. Good modelling requires its users and commissioners to understand more about the whole process, including the different kinds of purpose a model can have and the different technical bases.