Salt wedges and trapped brines of low-latitude endoreic saline lakes as potential modulators of GHG emission.

Large salt lakes are long-term witnesses to climatic conditions and land use in their basins. The majority are experiencing a drastic drop in water levels due to climate change and human impact. Endoreic Lake Urmia (NW Iran), the sixth largest salt lake worldwide, is a striking example of this decline.

The effect of and its postbiotics on the expression of genes involved in the endocannabinoid system and intestinal epithelial integrity in Caco-2 cells.

Purpose: Gut microbiota and its derivatives by constantly interacting with the host, regulate the host function. Intestinal epithelium integrity is under the control of various factors including the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Accordingly, we aimed at investigating the effect of and its postbiotics (i.

Insights into the molecular mechanism of triazolopyrimidinone derivatives effects on the modulation of αβγ subtype of GABA receptor: An in silico approach.

Due to the importance of benzodiazepine drugs in clinical practice, such as the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, and insomnia and the side effects of classical benzodiazepines, the study of new benzodiazepine agonists has received much attentions. In this work, we used in silico methods to explore the molecular mechanism of 1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidinone derivatives in the modulation of αβγ subtype of GABA receptor. To this aim, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation (MD), post-MD analysis, binding free energy calculation, and prediction of ADME properties were performed.

A Close-Up View of the Impact of Arachidonic Acid on the Phagocyte NADPH Oxidase.

The NADPH oxidase NOX2 complex consists of assembled cytosolic and redox membrane proteins. In mammalian cells, natural arachidonic acid (cis-AA), released by activated phospholipase-A2, plays an important role in the activation of the NADPH oxidase, but the mechanism of action of cis-AA is still a matter of debate. In cell-free systems, cis-AA is commonly used for activation although its structural effects are still unclear.

Phagocyte NADPH oxidase, oxidative stress and lipids: Anti- or pro ageing?

The role of NADPH oxidase in ageing is debated because of the dual roles of free radicals, toxic though necessary. In this paper we summarize some results about two aspects linked to the regulation of the activity of phagocyte NADPH oxidase (Nox2), encountered frequently in elderly people: inflammation and hypercholesterolemia. In the presence of a high amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) created by itself or by any other source, the enzyme activity is mostly lowered.

Conversion of NOX2 into a constitutive enzyme in vitro and in living cells, after its binding with a chimera of the regulatory subunits.

During the phagocytosis of pathogens by phagocyte cells, the NADPH oxidase complex is activated to produce superoxide anion, a precursor of microbial oxidants. The activated NADPH oxidase complex from phagocytes consists in two transmembrane proteins (Nox2 and p22) and four cytosolic proteins (p40, p47, p67 and Rac1-2). In the resting state of the cells, these proteins are dispersed in the cytosol, the membrane of granules and the plasma membrane.

Assembly of phagocyte NADPH oxidase: A concerted binding process?

Background: The phagocyte NADPH-oxidase is a multicomponent enzyme that generates superoxide anions. It comprises a membrane redox component flavocytochrome b558 and four cytosolic proteins (p67(phox), p47(phox), p40(phox) and Rac) that must assemble to produce an active system. In this work we focused on the spatio-temporal control of the activation process of phagocyte NADPH oxidase.