Public perception of participation in low-risk clinical trials in critical care using waived consent: a Canadian national survey.

Purpose: The acceptability of waiver of consent for participation in clinical research in intensive care unit (ICU) settings is uncertain. We sought to survey the Canadian public to assess levels of support, comfort, and acceptability for waived consent for low-risk clinical trials.

Methods: We performed a prospective cross-sectional survey of the Canadian public aged 18 yr or older.

The new Diploma of Rural Generalist Anaesthesia: Supporting Australian rural and remote communities.

In 2023, a Diploma of Rural Generalist Anaesthesia (DipRGA) was implemented across Australia. Developed collaboratively by the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA), the Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine (ACRRM) and the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP), the 12-month qualification is completed during or following ACRRM or RACGP Rural Generalist Fellowship training. Focused on the needs of rural and remote communities for elective and emergency surgery, maternity care, resuscitative care for medical illness or injury, and stabilisation for retrieval, the DipRGA supports rural generalist anaesthetists working within collaborative teams in geographically isolated settings.

We Are All in This Together-Whole of Community Pain Science Education Campaigns to Promote Better Management of Persistent Pain.

Persistent pain is a major public health issue-estimated to affect a quarter of the world's population. Public understanding of persistent pain is based on outdated biomedical models, laden with misconceptions that are contrary to best evidence. This understanding is a barrier to effective pain management.

Evaluation of interventions to prevent vasovagal reactions among whole blood donors: rationale and design of a large cluster randomised trial.

Background: Vasovagal reactions (VVRs) are the most common acute complications of blood donation. Responsible for substantial morbidity, they also reduce the likelihood of repeated donations and are disruptive and costly for blood services. Although blood establishments worldwide have adopted different strategies to prevent VVRs (including water loading and applied muscle tension [AMT]), robust evidence is limited.

The safety of anaesthesia delivered by rural generalist anaesthetists: a scoping review of the literature.

Introduction: Rural generalist anaesthetists (RGAs) are central to the delivery of health care in much of rural and remote Australia. This article details a systematic review of the literature specifically asking the question, 'What is the current evidence of the 'safety' of anaesthesia delivered by RGAs?'

Methods: Six databases were searched using terms including 'safety', 'rural', 'anaesthetics', 'general practitioners', and associated search terms. Relevant articles were assessed for rigour, and information was summarised using qualitative grid analysis that included information on the study setting, participants, methods, limitations and key result areas.

A systematic review evaluating metacognitive beliefs in health anxiety and somatic distress.

Purpose: Increasing evidence suggests metacognitive beliefs may underpin transdiagnostic mechanisms maintaining psychopathology. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate published studies investigating the role of metacognitive beliefs in somatic distress in adult samples.

Method: A systematic review was conducted, spanning five data bases.

The causes and consequences of shame in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Research into the aetiology, maintenance, and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has largely been informed by models of anxiety. However, non-experimental research suggests that some individuals may engage in compulsions to neutralise shame, with repugnant obsessions associated with more shame than other obsessions. Violent and sexual obsessions and shame have been linked with poorer treatment outcomes, and thus, treatment modifications are needed.

Development of a Pandemic Awareness STEM Outreach Curriculum: Utilizing a Computational Thinking Taxonomy Framework.

Computational thinking is an essential skill in the modern global workforce. The current public health crisis has highlighted the need for students and educators to have a deeper understanding of epidemiology. While existing STEM curricula has addressed these topics in the past, current events present an opportunity for new curricula that can be designed to present epidemiology, the science of public health, as a modern topic for students that embeds the problem-solving and mathematics skills of computational thinking practices authentically.

Improving the donation experience and reducing venipuncture pain by addressing fears among whole-blood and plasma donors.

Background: Fear of blood donation is implicated in vasovagal reactions, donor recruitment, and retention. This study examined the extent to which fear among donors is associated with various donor outcomes in an Australian sample, and whether fear can be addressed on-site to reduce adverse reactions and improve the donation experience.

Study Design And Methods: Six hundred and sixty-four donors (age M = 33.

Glass shape influences drinking behaviours in three laboratory experiments.

Reducing consumption of drinks which contain high levels of sugar and/or alcohol may improve population health. There is increasing interest in health behaviour change approaches which work by changing cues in physical environments ("nudges"). Glassware represents a modifiable cue in the drinking environment that may influence how much we drink.

Prediction Errors in Depression: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis.

The overprediction and underprediction of fear, pain, and other constructs have been linked with etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. We aimed to extend this research to depression by investigating the overprediction of effort and the underprediction of reward and enjoyment associated with a simple task. Participants with depression ( = 20) and a control group ( = 40) predicted how much effort and reward/enjoyment would be experienced during a short walk around the university.

Embodiment as a Paradigm for Understanding and Treating SE-AN: Locating the Self in Culture.

There has been a growing call for sociologically engaged research to better understand the complex processes underpinning Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa (SE-AN). Based on a qualitative study with women in Adelaide, South Australia who were reluctant to seek help for their disordered eating practices, this paper draws on anthropological concepts of embodiment to examine how SE-AN is experienced as culturally grounded. We argue that experiences of SE-AN are culturally informed, and in turn, inform bodily perception and practice in the world.

Predicting blood donation intention: the importance of fear.

Background: Blood donor recruitment remains an important worldwide challenge due to changes in population demographics and shifts in the demand for blood. Various cognitive models help predict donation intention, although the importance of affective deterrents has become increasingly evident. This study aimed to identify fears that predict donation intention, to explore their relative importance, and to determine if self-efficacy and attitude mediate this relationship, thus providing possible targets for intervention.

Factors that contribute to blood donation behavior among primary healthcare users: A structural approach.

This study aimed to evaluate the relative contribution of psychosocial variables to donation behavior in a sample of primary healthcare users in a Brazilian municipality. Donor recruitment and retention continue to pose significant challenges to blood collection services worldwide and is especially important among low and middle income countries (LMICs), challenged with higher rates of stigma and low public awareness about donation. A cross-sectional study with randomized stratified sampling of 1055 primary healthcare users was conducted across 12 healthcare facilities in Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo.

The paradox of moral cleansing: When physical cleansing leads to increased contamination concerns.

Background And Objectives: Moral threats, including threats to moral self-worth, have been associated with contamination concerns. Paradoxically, although self-cleansing provides temporary relief, it can worsen feelings of contamination. Self-affirmation might be an effective strategy, especially following obsessive type cognitions (e.

Positioning relapse and recovery through a cultural lens of desire: A South Australian case study of disordered eating.

This article explores how desire operates in the daily lives of women with disordered eating. Based on qualitative findings from a South Australian study investigating why women with disordered eating are reluctant to seek help, we trace the multiple "tipping points" and triggers that are central to participants' everyday experiences. Employing anthropological interpretations of desire, we argue that triggers are circulations of productive desire, informed by cultural values and social relations, and embodied in routine daily acts.

Respiratory and hemodynamic contributions to emotion-related pre-syncopal vasovagal symptoms.

Vasovagal reactions are conventionally understood as resulting from systemic changes in cardiovascular activity; however, there exists a complementary perspective focused on specific changes in cerebral vasoconstriction associated with hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia. The present study investigated the role of cardiovascular and respiratory activity in self-reported pre-syncopal vasovagal reactions to a surgery video in a sample of 49 healthy women. Participants who indicated more previous real-life episodes of dizziness reported experiencing significantly more symptoms in the laboratory consistent with a vasovagal response.

The spaces and times of community farming.

This paper uses a multiple case study approach to researching people's everyday lives and experiences of six community farms and gardens in diverse settings in China and England. We argue that collective understandings of community are bound up in everyday action in particular spaces and times. Successful community farms and gardens are those that are able to provide suitable spaces and times for these actions so that their members can enjoy multiple benefit streams.

Developing shared understandings of recovery and care: a qualitative study of women with eating disorders who resist therapeutic care.

Background: This paper explores the differing perspectives of recovery and care of people with disordered eating. We consider the views of those who have not sought help for their disordered eating, or who have been given a diagnosis but have not engaged with health care services. Our aim is to demonstrate the importance of the cultural context of care and how this might shape people's perspectives of recovery and openness to receiving professional care.

Disgust stimuli reduce heart rate but do not contribute to vasovagal symptoms.

Background And Objectives: The vasovagal response demonstrates a unique form of stress response, common in medical settings yet provoked by a variety of blood-injury-injection stimuli. This study aimed to better understand the psychophysiological mechanisms of the vasovagal response..

'Healthy anorexia': The complexity of care in disordered eating.

This paper examines how contemporary understandings of 'health' and 'care' are engaged with and practiced by women with disordered eating. Based on findings from an Australian study investigating why people with disordered eating are reluctant to engage with treatment services (March 2012 to March 2015), we demonstrate how young women use elements of a 'health habitus' and 'care' to rationalise and justify their practices. Moving beyond Foucauldian theories of self-discipline and individual responsibility we argue that Bourdieu's concept of habitus and ethnographic concepts of care provide a deeper understanding of the ways in which people with disordered eating embody health practices as a form of care and distinction.

The vasovagal response during confrontation with blood-injury-injection stimuli: the role of perceived control.

The vasovagal response (VVR) is a common medical problem, complicating and deterring people from various procedures. It is an unusual stress response given the widespread decreases in physiological activity. Nevertheless, VVR involves processes similar to those observed during episodes of strong emotions and pain.

Sense of impending doom: inhibitory activity in waiting blood donors who subsequently experience vasovagal symptoms.

This study examined autonomic and hemodynamic processes associated with the development of naturally occurring vasovagal responses. Data from a study assessing the physiological correlates of an intervention to reduce vasovagal responses in blood donors were examined (Ditto et al., 2009).

High-intensity interval training has positive effects on performance in ice hockey players.

In spite of the well-known benefits that have been shown, few studies have looked at the practical applications of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on athletic performance. This study investigated the effects of a HIIT program compared to traditional continuous endurance exercise training. 24 hockey players were randomly assigned to either a continuous or high-intensity interval group during a 4-week training program.