Understanding decision-making and educational need in the management of pediatric patients with moderate-to-severe asthma: analysis of a US-based clinician survey.

Asthma creates a substantial burden on the pediatric healthcare system, particularly by those with moderate-to-severe disease. As few studies have been published specific to clinician evaluation and management of this population, this analysis serves to begin to identify educational needs and potential clinical impact. We conducted a case-based survey of US general pediatric ( = 227), allergy ( = 158), and pediatric pulmonology ( = 70) clinicians to understand the current approach to management of pediatric patients with moderate-to-severe asthma.

Belimumab use during pregnancy: Interim results of the belimumab pregnancy registry.

Background: Belimumab is approved for active, autoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis, but limited data exist regarding its use in pregnancy. The Belimumab Pregnancy Registry (BPR, GSK Study BEL114256; NCT01532310) was created to evaluate pregnancy and infant outcomes following belimumab exposure.

Methods: Individuals with SLE exposed to belimumab from 4 months before and/or during pregnancy can enroll into the BPR.

Efficacy and Safety of Belimumab in Patients With Lupus Nephritis: Subgroup Analyses of a Phase 3 Randomized Trial in the East Asian Population.

Rationale & Objective: Belimumab improved kidney outcomes in patients with active lupus nephritis (LN) in BLISS-LN, leading to its approval in the United States and the European Union. As data on treatment of East Asian patients with LN are limited, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of belimumab in the BLISS-LN East Asian subgroup.

Study Design: Prespecified subgroup analysis of BLISS-LN, a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomized 104-week trial.

Impact of Belimumab on Organ Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Organ damage is a key determinant of poor long-term prognosis and early death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Prevention of damage is a key treatment goal of the 2019 update of the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) recommendations for SLE management. Belimumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) and is the only therapy approved for both SLE and lupus nephritis.

A secondary analysis of the Belimumab International Study in Lupus Nephritis trial examined effects of belimumab on kidney outcomes and preservation of kidney function in patients with lupus nephritis.

We performed a post hoc analysis of the Belimumab International Study in Lupus Nephritis (BLISS-LN), a Phase 3, multinational, double-blind, 104-week trial, in which 448 patients with lupus nephritis were randomized to receive intravenous belimumab 10 mg/kg or placebo with standard therapy (cyclophosphamide/azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil). Add-on belimumab was found to be most effective in improving the primary efficacy kidney response and complete kidney response in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis and a baseline urine protein/creatinine ratio under 3 g/g. However, there was no observed improvement in the kidney response with belimumab treatment in patients with lupus nephritis and sub-epithelial deposits or with a baseline protein/creatinine ratio of 3 g/g or more.

Phase III/IV, Randomized, Fifty-Two-Week Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Belimumab in Patients of Black African Ancestry With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Objective: Enrollment of patients of Black African ancestry with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in phase II and phase III of the belimumab trials was not reflective of the racial distribution observed in the lupus population. This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) belimumab plus standard therapy in patients of self-identified Black race.

Methods: EMBRACE (GSK Study BEL115471; ClinicalTrials.

Community Priorities for Healthy Eating in Older Adults.

Community planners such as policymakers and health care and nutrition service providers can create an "age-friendly" environment to support healthy eating in older residents by addressing the highest priorities that enable older adults to improve their dietary intake through different food-related community settings. To identify and prioritize these factors that facilitate behavioral change (enablers) and behavioral settings important for older adult nutrition based on the social ecological model, nutrition and aging professionals (n = 30) from two rural (West Virginia, Iowa) and two urban (Massachusetts, New York) city/county regions (communities) participated in an online or live focus group discussion and completed an analytic hierarchy process survey online. Overall, the most important perceived enablers were accessibility and cost, followed by transportation and social support, but their relative importance varied by community.

Measures of acculturation are associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors, dietary intakes, and physical activity in older Chinese Americans in New York City.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the U.S. and affects Chinese Americans disproportionately compared to other ethnic groups in the American population.

Diet, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease risk factors among older Chinese Americans living in New York City.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the US and affects Chinese Americans disproportionately compared to other ethnic groups in the American population. However, few studies have examined CVD risk factors, including diet and physical activity, in Chinese Americans. This investigation used a cross-sectional design to evaluate the dietary intake, dietary supplement use, and physical activity of 125 older Chinese Americans aged 50-98 years, and to determine how these behaviors may be related to obesity and other CVD risk factors.

Predictors for research involvement among registered dietitians.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to measure registered dietitians' (RDs') research involvement (by creating a research score) and to determine whether their perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge of evidence-based practice and key antecedent factors (eg, sociodemographic characteristics, education and training, professional experiences, and employment setting) predicted their research involvement.

Design: This cross-sectional, descriptive study used the Dietitian Research Involvement Survey and followed the Tailored Design Method.

Subjects/setting: This study surveyed 258 randomly selected RDs from seven dietetic practice groups of the American Dietetic Association.

Evidence-based practice: what are dietitians' perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge?

Objective: The objective of this study was to measure dietitians' perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge of evidence-based practice (PAK score), and to determine whether antecedent factors (eg, sociodemographic characteristics, education and training, professional experiences, and employment setting) predicted PAK score.

Design: This cross-sectional, descriptive study used the Dietitian Research Involvement Survey following the Tailored Design Method.

Subjects/setting: This study surveyed 500 randomly selected registered dietitians from seven dietetic practice groups of the American Dietetic Association.

Effects of oral ibandronate administered daily or intermittently on fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Unlabelled: Oral daily (2.5 mg) and intermittent ibandronate (between-dose interval of >2 months), delivering a similar cumulative exposure, were evaluated in 2946 osteoporotic women with prevalent vertebral fracture. Significant reduction in incident vertebral fracture risk by 62% and 50%, respectively, was shown after 3 years.

Daily and intermittent oral ibandronate normalize bone turnover and provide significant reduction in vertebral fracture risk: results from the BONE study.

Increasing evidence suggests that a high rate of bone turnover is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and is strongly linked to fracture risk. Measurement of biochemical markers of bone turnover is therefore becoming a more widely used endpoint in clinical trials in postmenopausal osteoporosis. This multinational double-blind, fracture-prevention study enrolled 2946 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Dietary intake and health outcomes among young children attending 2 urban day-care centers.

Objective: To assess the impact of the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) on diet and 3 health outcomes--weight-for-height status, dental caries (tooth decay) score, and number of days of illness--among preschool children attending 2 urban day care centers.

Design: Dietary intake and health outcome measures were assessed and compared for children attending 2 day-care centers in an urban community. Data were obtained for 14 days of dietary intake, which were analyzed for energy and 15 nutrients and 6 food groups; anthropometric measures, including weight-for-height; dental caries; and days of illness.

Nutrition and health status assessment of community-residing elderly in New York City: a pilot study.

Ninety-five percent of persons over the age of 65 years live in the community and benefit from community-based health and nutrition services. The purpose of this project was to evaluate diet, function, and mental health in 40 men and women aged 65 years and older who were residing in a large metropolitan community. Nutritional status was assessed using two 24-hour recalls, 5 days of food records, a food frequency, and anthropometric measurements.

Nutritional Considerations for the Stroke Patient with Dysphagia.

Dysphagia is a physical disability that negatively affects patients' abilities to meet their nutritional needs. Dysphagia may result in anorexia, weight loss, protein-energy malnutrition, and vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Dehydration is also a major risk.

Benefits of training dietetics students in preprofessional practice programs: a comparison with dietetic internships.

Objective: To conduct a nationwide study on the opinions of dietitian preceptors regarding the intangible benefits to hospitals and medical centers of training dietetics students in approved preprofessional practice programs (AP4s) and to compare the findings with a similar survey of dietetic internships.

Design: A questionnaire was adapted from a 1990 study of preceptors in dietetic internships to investigate the benefits of training dietetics students in AP4s.

Sample: Program directors and dietitians who supervise and teach students in the 117 preprofessional programs approved by The American Dietetic Association were sent pretested questionnaires.