Pharmacological Block of Genicular Nerves in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis.

 To evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of the pharmacological block of the genicular nerves as a modality in the therapeutic arsenal for knee osteoarthritis, since it is simple, safe, and minimally invasive.  The pharmacological block of the genicular nerves was performed in 20 patients with grades 3 and 4 knee osteoarthritis per the Kellgren-Lawrence classification. We assessed their clinical and functional outcomes one, three, and six months after the procedure.

Disease-Modifying Adjunctive Therapy (DMAT) in Osteoarthritis-The Biological Effects of a Multi-Mineral Complex, LithoLexal Joint-A Review.

Modern advances in molecular medicine have led to the reframing of osteoarthritis as a metabolically active, inflammatory disorder with local and systemic contributing factors. According to the 'inflammatory theory' of osteoarthritis, immune response to an initial damage is the key trigger that leads to progressive joint destruction. Several intertwined pathways are known to induce and govern articular inflammation, cartilage matrix degradation, and subchondral bone changes.

Posterior Cruciate Ligament: Current Concepts Review.

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is the largest and strongest ligament in the human knee, and the primary posterior stabilizer. Recent anatomy and biomechanical studies have provided an improved understanding of PCL function. PCL injuries are typically combined with other ligamentous, meniscal and chondral injuries.

Cemented, cementless or hybrid fixation options in total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis and other non-traumatic diseases.

Background: It is not clear which fixation of total knee arthroplasty obtains the best clinical, functional and radiographic results in people with osteoarthritis and other non-traumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: To assess the benefits and harms of cemented, cementless and hybrid knee prostheses fixation techniques in participants with primary osteoarthritis (osteoarthritis following trauma was not included) and other non-traumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Search Methods: We searched CENTRAL (2011, issue 10), MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Current Controlled Trials, LILACS, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SPORTDiscus, Health Technology Assessment Database and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness, all from implementation to October 2011, along with handsearches of high-yield journals and reference lists of articles.

ASSESSMENT OF PATELLAR HEIGHT MEASUREMENT METHODS FROM DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY.

Objective: To analyze the most common methods for measuring patellar height and the impact of observer experience in correlations with the other observers using digital radiography.

Methods: Sixty digital radiographs of the knee in lateral view were analyzed by four observers: a physician in the second year of medical residence in orthopedics (R2); a physician in the third year of medical residence in orthopedics (R3); an orthopedic surgeon who was a specialist in knee surgery (SK); and a radiologist who was a specialist in musculoskeletal radiology (SR). The indices used were: Insall-Salvati (IS), Blackburne-Peel (BP), Caton-Deschamps (CD) and modified Insall-Salvati (ISM).

HOW DOES THE BRAZILIAN ORTHOPEDIC SURGEONS TREAT ACUTE LATERAL ANKLE SPRAIN?

Unlabelled: Acute lateral ankle sprain (ALAS) is a common injury, but its treatment has yet to be firmly established. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Brazilian Orthopedists (including residents) manage the diagnosis, classification, treatment and complications of ALAS.

Methods: A multiple-choice questionnaire was developed with the aim of addressing the main aspects of the treatment of ALAS.

DARTHROSCOPIC DOUBLE- BUNDLE RECONSTRUCTION OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT USING HAMSTRING TENDON GRAFTS - FIXATION WITH TWO INTERFERENCE SCREWS.

Surgical procedures for double-bundle reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament, which currently use semitendinous and gracilis tendon grafts, have been described in the last decade. Most of the techniques utilize twice the hardware used in single-bundle reconstructions. We report an original anterior cruciate ligament double-bundle reconstruction technique using semitendinous and gracilis tendon grafts, maintaining their tibial bone insertions with two tibial and two femoral tunnels.

Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament double-bundle reconstruction using hamstring tendon grafts-fixation with two interference screws: technical note.

In this article, an original double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction technique is described. The procedure is developed using hamstring tendon grafts while maintaining tibial osseous insertion. Two tibial tunnels are drilled and a simplified and precise outside-in double tunnel femoral drilling technique is utilized.