Hospital services utilisation and cost before and after COVID-19 hospital treatment: Evidence from Indonesia.

Objective: To estimate hospital services utilisation and cost among the Indonesian population enrolled in the National Health Insurance (NHI) program before and after COVID-19 hospital treatment.

Methods: 28,159 Indonesian NHI enrolees treated with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in hospitals between May and August 2020 were compared to 8,995 individuals never diagnosed with COVID-19 in 2020. A difference-in-difference approach is used to contrast the monthly all-cause utilisation rate and total claims of hospital services between these two groups.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to COVID-19 in Indonesia: A post delta variant wave cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Public information and regulations related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been widely published and continuously changed. The Indonesian government has responded to the emerging evidence by regularly updating its unprecedented and preventive measures against the transmission of COVID-19 to the public. It is important to understand how the public responded to these updates.

Out-of-pocket expenditure and catastrophic costs due to COVID-19 in Indonesia: A rapid online survey.

Background: The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a substantial socioeconomic impact, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia.

Purposes/objectives: This study aimed to describe the COVID-19-related out-of-pocket spending of Indonesian citizens and the proportion of whom experienced catastrophic health spending during the COVID-19 pandemic using the patient's perspective.

Methodology: We conducted a rapid cross-sectional online survey across provinces in Indonesia to capture participants' experiences due to COVID-19.