The cooling effect of liquid flow on the focussed ultrasound-induced heating in a simulated foetal brain.

There is a need to investigate the thermal effects of diagnostic ultrasound (US) to assist the development of appropriate safety guidelines for obstetric use. The cooling effect of a single liquid flow channel was measured in a model of human foetal brain and skull bone heated by a focussed beam of simulated pulsed spectral Doppler US. Insonation conditions were 5.

Ultrasound-induced heating in a foetal skull bone phantom and its dependence on beam width and perfusion.

The cooling effect of single and multiple perfusing channels has been measured in a model of human foetal skull bone heated by wide and narrow beams of simulated pulsed spectral Doppler ultrasound (US). A focussed transducer operating with a centre frequency of 3.5 MHz, that emitted pulses of 5.