Fulvic acid inhibits the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes by activating the Ca/CaMKⅡ/AMPK pathway.

Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of developing obesity. Although fulvic acid alleviates back fat thickness in pigs, the mechanism underlying its anti-obesity effect remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the anti-obesity mechanism of fulvic acid using 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Citropten Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration via the TRPV1 Receptor.

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration play critical roles in arterial remodeling. Citropten, a natural organic compound belonging to coumarin and its derivative classes, exhibits various biological activities. However, mechanisms by which citropten protects against vascular remodeling remain unknown.

Therapeutic Effects of Hinokitiol through Regulating the SIRT1/NOX4 against Ligature-Induced Experimental Periodontitis.

Hinokitiol (HKT) is one of the essential oil components found in the heartwood of Cupressaceae plants, and has been reported to have various bioactive effects, including anti-inflammatory effects. However, the improving effect of HKT on periodontitis, which is characterized by periodontal tissue inflammation and alveolar bone loss, has not been clearly revealed. Therefore, we investigated the periodontitis-alleviating effect of HKT and the related molecular mechanisms in human periodontal ligament cells.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Leaf on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury.

For centuries, natural products are regarded as vital medicines for human survival. var. (Rupr.

Ameliorative Effect of Ginsenoside Rg6 in Periodontal Tissue Inflammation and Recovering Damaged Alveolar Bone.

Periodontal disease is a chronic disease with a high prevalence, and in order to secure natural materials to prevent oral diseases, new materials that protect periodontal tissue from inflammation are being sought. Genes were identified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and proteins were confirmed using Western blot. Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) analysis was used, and the antibacterial effects were confirmed through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) analysis.

Anti-Inflammatory Herbal Extracts and Their Drug Discovery Perspective in Atopic Dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic disorder characterized by skin inflammation. It is well known that the activation of various inflammatory cells and the generation of inflammatory molecules are closely linked to the development of AD. There is accumulating evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of herbal extracts (HEs) on the regulation of inflammatory response in both and studies of AD.

Gallic acid induces osteoblast differentiation and alleviates inflammatory response through GPR35/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in human periodontal ligament cells.

Background And Objective: Gallic acid (GA) possesses various beneficial functions including antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory as well as inhibiting osteoclastogeneis. However, effects on osteogenic differentiation, especially in human ligament periodontal (hPDL) cells, remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the function of GA on osteogenesis and anti-inflammation in hPDL cells and to explore the involved underlying mechanism.

Lupenone attenuates thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells possibly through inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase 2 activity.

Aims: Prolonged high levels of cytokines, glucose, or free fatty acids are associated with diabetes, elevation of cytosolic Ca concentration ([Ca]), and depletion of Ca concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic beta cells. This Ca imbalance induces ER stress and apoptosis. Lupenone, a lupan-type triterpenoid, is beneficial in diabetes; however, its mechanism of action is yet to be clarified.

Sesamin ameliorates lipotoxicity and lipid accumulation through the activation of the estrogen receptor alpha signaling pathway.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been linked to fat accumulation in the liver and lipid metabolism imbalance. Sesamin, a lignan commonly found in sesame seed oil, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. However, the precise mechanisms by which sesamin prevents hepatic steatosis are not well understood.

Defining the reactivity of nanoparticles to peptides through direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA) using a high pressure liquid chromatography system with a diode array detector.

The possibility of inducing skin sensitization reactions following exposure to various chemicals can lead to skin diseases, and the evaluation of skin sensitivity to such substances is very important. However, as animal tests for skin sensitization are prohibited, the OECD Test Guideline 442 C was designated as part of an alternative testing method. Therefore, in this study, the reactivity of cysteine and lysine peptides to nanoparticle substrates was identified through HPLC-DAD analysis according to the skin sensitization animal replacement test method specified in the OECD Test Guideline 442 C.

Citropten Ameliorates Osteoclastogenesis Related to MAPK and PLCγ/Ca Signaling Pathways through the Regulation of Amyloid Beta.

Osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease are typical types of dementia in seniors, which share common risk factors. Previous studies have shown that citizens with osteoporosis are more likely than healthy individuals to be at risk of Alzheimer's disease. Citropten, found in , has been reported to have several pharmacological activities; however, its antiosteoclastogenic activity remains unknown.

Lipid class-dependent alterations of Caenorhabditis elegans under harmane exposure.

Altered lipid patterns in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) resulting from exposure to harmane remain to be explored. In this study, untargeted lipidomics was carried out to elucidate the effects of acute exposure to harmane on the lipidome of C.

Phytol Suppresses Osteoclast Differentiation and Oxidative Stress through Nrf2/HO-1 Regulation in RANKL-Induced RAW264.7 Cells.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder where osteoclasts are prevalent among osteoblasts. Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of osteoporosis, and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the master regulator of antioxidant responses. Phytol, a diterpene isolated from leaves, has many biological effects, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Leaf Extract Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis through the Suppression of T Cells and Keratinocytes Activation.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly recurrent chronic inflammatory skin disease, characterized by severe itching, immune imbalance, and skin barrier dysfunction. Damage to the skin barrier function is known to be the main cause of Th1/Th2 immune imbalance, due to the Th2-mediated immune response, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IL-31 and it plays an important role in further eliciting the environment of AD through stimulation. Currently, the most widely used drugs for the treatment of AD are corticosteroids, antihistamines and immunosuppressants (used by more than 60% of patients), which are reported to exhibit various side effects when taken for a long time.

Inhibitory Effect of Periodontitis through C/EBP and 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Regulation of Betulin Isolated from the Bark of .

Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease of the tissues around the tooth that destroys connective tissue and is characterized by loss of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. Currently, surgical methods for the treatment of periodontitis have limitations and new treatment strategies are needed. Therefore, this study evaluated the efficacy of the compound betulin isolated from bark of on the inhibition of periodontitis in vitro and in vivo periodontitis induction models.

Oral administration of Helianthus annuus leaf extract ameliorates atopic dermatitis by modulation of T cell activity in vivo.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is multifactorial disease that is highly involved in the activity of T cells from the skin lesion. Seeds of Helianthus annuus extract have been traditionally used as anti-inflammatory reagent but few studies have been reported on leaf of H. annuus that are discarded uselessly as an immunomodulator.

Ameliorative Effect of Citropten Isolated from Peel Extract as a Modulator of T Cell and Intestinal Epithelial Cell Activity in DSS-Induced Colitis.

Citropten is a coumarin that is mainly found in fruits of Rutaceae trees, but its anti-inflammatory activities in colitis is still unknown. In this study, we investigated its attenuating effect of citropten isolated from extract on DSS-induced colitis through the modulation of the activity of T cells and intestinal epithelial cells. We found that pre-treatment with citropten downregulates the activity of T cells and intestinal epithelial cells without a negative effect on the viability of Jurkat and HT-29 cells.

Effect on Osteoclast Differentiation and ER Stress Downregulation by Amygdalin and RANKL Binding Interaction.

Bone diseases such as osteoporosis are the result of osteoclast over-activation. There are many therapeutic agents from natural compounds inhibiting the formation of osteoclast that have been reported and are continuously being interested. Amygdalin (AD) is isolated from seeds of L.

Cudraxanthone D Ameliorates Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation in an Imiquimod-Induced Mouse Model via Inhibiting the Inflammatory Signaling Pathways.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease accompanied by excessive keratinocyte proliferation. Corticosteroids, vitamin D3 analogs, and calcineurin inhibitors, which are used to treat psoriasis, have diverse adverse effects, whereas natural products are popular due to their high efficiency and relatively low toxicity. The roots of the () are known to have diverse pharmacological effects, among which the anti-inflammatory effect is reported as a potential therapeutic agent in skin cells.

Gomisin M2 Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis-like Skin Lesions via Inhibition of STAT1 and NF-κB Activation in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene/ Extract-Induced BALB/c Mice.

The extracts of (Turcz.) Baill. (Schisandraceae) have various therapeutic effects, including inflammation and allergy.

The Marine-Derived Natural Product Epiloliolide Isolated from Regulates NLRP3 via PKA/CREB, Promoting Proliferation and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells.

Currently, periodontitis treatment relies on surgical operations, anti-inflammatory agents, or antibiotics. However, these treatments cause pain and side effects, resulting in a poor prognosis. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the impact of the compound epiloliolide isolated from on the recovery of inflammatory inhibitors and loss of periodontal ligaments, which are essential treatment strategies for periodontitis.

6,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavanone Mitigates Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5y Cells via Nrf2/heme Oxyganase-1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways.

Methamphetamine (METH) is a synthetic psychostimulant drug that has detrimental effects on the health of its users. Although it has been investigated as a cause of neurodegenerative disease due to its neurotoxicity, whether small molecules derived from natural products attenuate these side effects remains elusive. 6,7,4'-trihydroxyflavanone (THF) is a flavanone family that possesses various pharmacological activities, including anti-rheumatic, anti-ischemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoclastogenic, and protective effects against METH-induced deactivation of T cells.

Inhibitory Effect of LGS and ODE Isolated from the Twigs of subsp. on RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in Macrophage Cells.

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts play a pivotal role in maintaining bone homeostasis, of which excessive bone resorption by osteoclasts can cause osteoporosis and various bone diseases. However, current osteoporosis treatments have many side effects, and research on new treatments that can replace these treatments is ongoing. Therefore, in this study, the roles of ligustroside (LGS) and oleoside dimethylester (ODE), a natural product-derived compound isolated from subsp.

Chrysophanol Attenuates Manifestations of Immune Bowel Diseases by Regulation of Colorectal Cells and T Cells Activation In Vivo.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune disorder that develops due to chronic inflammation in several cells. It is known that colorectal and T cells are mainly involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Chrysophanol is an anthraquinone family member that possesses several bioactivities, including anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, and inhibitory effects on T cell activation.