Immortalized murine tenocyte cells: a novel and innovative tool for tendon research.

Primary tenocytes rapidly undergo senescence and a phenotypic drift upon in vitro monolayer culture, which limits tendon research. The Ink4a/Arf locus encodes the proteins p16 and p14 (p19 in mice) that regulate cell cycle progression and senescence. We here established an immortalized cell line using tenocytes isolated from Ink4a/Arf deficient mice (Ink4a/Arf).

Species variations in tenocytes' response to inflammation require careful selection of animal models for tendon research.

For research on tendon injury, many different animal models are utilized; however, the extent to which these species simulate the clinical condition and disease pathophysiology has not yet been critically evaluated. Considering the importance of inflammation in tendon disease, this study compared the cellular and molecular features of inflammation in tenocytes of humans and four common model species (mouse, rat, sheep, and horse). While mouse and rat tenocytes most closely equalled human tenocytes' low proliferation capacity and the negligible effect of inflammation on proliferation, the wound closure speed of humans was best approximated by rats and horses.

Regenerative Medicine for Equine Musculoskeletal Diseases.

Musculoskeletal injuries and chronic degenerative diseases commonly affect both athletic and sedentary horses and can entail the end of their athletic careers. The ensuing repair processes frequently do not yield fully functional regeneration of the injured tissues but biomechanically inferior scar or replacement tissue, causing high reinjury rates, degenerative disease progression and chronic morbidity. Regenerative medicine is an emerging, rapidly evolving branch of translational medicine that aims to replace or regenerate cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function.

Pharmacokinetics of regional limb perfusion using a combination of amikacin and penicillin in standing horses.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the compatibility and the pharmacokinetic properties of combined amikacin and penicillin administration by intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) in horses. A tourniquet was applied proximal to the carpus of 7 clinically healthy adult horses and 2 g of amikacin and 10 × 10 IU of penicillin (100 mL total volume) were sequentially injected into the cephalic vein just distal to the tourniquet. Synovial samples were collected from the joint at several times after injection.

Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime after regional limb perfusion in standing horses.

Objective: To determine the metacarpophalangeal joint fluid concentrations of ceftazidime administered via regional limb perfusion (RLP).

Animals: Eight healthy horses.

Methods: RLP was performed by injecting 2 g of ceftazidime and 60 mL of perfusate volume in the cephalic vein of standing, sedated horses.

Surgical management and long-term outcome of umbilical infection in 65 foals (2010-2015).

Objective: To report the short- and long-term outcomes of surgical management of umbilical infection in foals.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: Foals (n = 65).

The Effect of Perfusate Volume on Amikacin Concentration in the Metacarpophalangeal Joint Following Cephalic Regional Limb Perfusion in Standing Horses.

Objective: To determine the influence of 3 perfusate volumes on amikacin concentration in the metacarpophalangeal joint following cephalic regional limb perfusion (RLP) in standing horses.

Animals: Seven healthy horses.

Methods: Three perfusate volumes (100, 60, and 30 mL), containing 2 grams of amikacin, were tested during intravenous RLP at the cephalic vein, placing the tourniquet at mid antebrachium, in standing sedated horses.

Removal of sialoliths using the intraoral approach in 15 horses.

This study describes the use of an intraoral approach for sialolith removal in horses. All horses resumed their previous activity after surgery. Sialoliths were composed mainly of calcium carbonate, containing a nidus of plant material.