Costs of Adverse Event Management Associated with First-Line Cetuximab or Panitumumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients in Saudi Arabia.

In Saudi Arabia, patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with wild-type RAS mutations may be treated with either cetuximab plus chemotherapy (CET + CT) or panitumumab plus chemotherapy (PAN + CT), which are epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies. This study calculated the costs of adverse event (AE) management linked to anti-EGFR treatment in Saudi Arabia's national health budget from payer and societal perspectives. An adaptation of a global model developed in Microsoft Excel® was performed to estimate the costs of AE management associated with the first-line treatment (CET + CT and PAN + CT) of RAS wild-type mCRC patients in Saudi healthcare settings.

The cost-effectiveness of treatment for high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer in Egypt: an analysis of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy followed by adjuvant single-agent pembrolizumab.

Objective: The cost-effectiveness of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab + chemotherapy followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus placebo followed by adjuvant placebo was assessed in high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer patients from an Egyptian societal perspective over a lifetime horizon.

Methods: A 4-state Markov cohort model was developed to compare the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab + chemotherapy/pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy alone for the treatment of high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer. The model simulated the clinical course of high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer across four health states: event-free survival, locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, and death.

National Recommendations for Pharmacoeconomic Evaluations Reporting for Reimbursement and Procurement of New Pharmaceutical Applications in Egypt.

Introduction: To improve resource allocation within our healthcare system, the Egyptian Authority for Unified Procurement, Medical Supply and the Management of Medical Technology (UPA) and Universal Health Insurance Authority (UHIA) established a joint economic evaluation process to support UHIA reimbursement decisions and UPA procurement decisions. The main objective of this study is to describe the developed national pharmacoeconomic guidelines in Egypt, especially for reimbursement and procurement for new pharmaceuticals.

Methods: A focus group was formed as a national initiative activity by governmental authorities in Egypt.

A budget impact analysis of exclusive human milk diet in very low birth weight infants in United Arab Emirates.

Introduction: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have the highest rate of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions owing to the higher comorbidities associated with premature birth and long hospital stays. VLBW infants fed a bovine (BOV)-based diet have higher mortality rates, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), late-onset sepsis (LOS), and other comorbidities than those fed 100% human milk-based products. This study aims to evaluate the budgetary impact of adopting an exclusive human milk diet (EHMD) instead of a BOV-based diet in VLBW infants from Al-Ain Hospital, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, and Dubai Health Authority (DHA) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Budget impact analysis on the use of Sysmex PA-100 AST system as a point of care for uncomplicated urinary tract infections detection and treatment in Spanish females.

Objective: Efficient diagnostic methods, such as the Sysmex PA-100, provide rapid antimicrobial susceptibility test results directly from urine samples with high sensitivity and specificity, and improve treatment recommendations. Our study analyzes the economic impact of integrating the Sysmex PA-100 to assess its potential benefits and cost implications for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) management in Spain.

Methodology: A budget impact model was developed using a decision tree framework to compare current UTI management practices with a new scenario incorporating the Sysmex PA-100.

Cost-Minimization Analysis for Subcutaneous Daratumumab in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma in Three Gulf Countries.

The second most common hematologic cancer worldwide is multiple myeloma (MM), with incidence and mortality rates that have more than doubled over the past 30 years. The safety and efficacy of daratumumab regimens in the treatment of newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) is demonstrated in clinical trials. To assess the financial effects of the adoption of subcutaneous daratumumab (dara-SC) rather than intravenous daratumumab (dara-IV) for the treatment of NDMM in three Gulf countries (Qatar, Oman and the United Arab Emirates; UAE), a cost-minimization model was constructed.

The economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus in United Arab Emirates.

Aims: Our study aims to provide an enhanced comprehension of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) burden in United Arab Emirates (UAE), over a five-year period from payer and societal perspective.

Materials And Methods: A Markov model was established to simulate the economic consequences of SLE among UAE population. It included four health states: i) the three phenotypes of SLE, representing mild, moderate, and severe states, and ii) death.

Microsimulation model of the cost-effectiveness of anifrolumab compared to belimumab in the United Arab Emirates.

Introduction: SLE imposes a significant morbidity and mortality as well as a substantial burden on the healthcare system. The model aimed to measure the cost-effectiveness of anifrolumab implementation against belimumab as an add-on-therapy to the standard of care (SoC) over a lifetime horizon for Emirati patients.

Methodology: A microsimulation model was used to assess the cost-effectiveness of anifrolumab against belimumab (IV/SC) as an add-on therapy to SoC in a hypothetical cohort of adult Emirati patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) over a lifetime horizon.

The economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan.

Background: Our cost-of-illness (COI) model adopted both payer and societal perspectives over a time horizon of 5 years to measure the economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Taiwan.

Methodology: A prevalence-based model was established to estimate the economic consequences of SLE after diagnosis in Taiwan. The model included four health states: (i) the three phenotypes representing mild, moderate, and severe SLE, and (ii) death.

Economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus in Malaysia.

Introduction: Our cost-of-illness (COI) model adopted the perspective of both payer and society over a time horizon of 5 years to measure the economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Malaysia.

Methodology: Our COI model utilized a prevalence-based model to estimate the costs and economic consequences of SLE in Malaysia. The clinical parameters were obtained from published literature and validated using the Delphi panel.

Clinical and economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus in Colombia.

Aims: Our cost-of-illness (COI) model adopted payer and societal perspectives over five years to measure the economic burden of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in Colombia.

Materials And Methods: A prevalence-based model was constructed to estimate costs and economic consequences for SLE patients in Colombia. The model included four health states: three phenotypes of SLE representing mild, moderate, and severe states and death.

The economic burden of systemic lupus erythematosus in Mexico.

Aims: Our cost of illness study aimed to provide an estimate of the burden related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the Mexican context.

Methods: Our model was used to simulate the resource utilization and economic consequences over a period of 5 years for patients with SLE in Mexico. The model simulated four health states-three phenotypes of SLE, including mild, moderate, and severe states, and death.

Overview of Procurement and Reimbursement of Pharmaceuticals in Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Egypt: Challenges and Opportunities.

Introduction: There is an increased interest in cost consciousness concerning healthcare spending worldwide. In the Arab world, a major transformation is underway in the healthcare sectors to achieve national and government visions to attain better outcomes with optimal value. This article contains expert recommendations on how decision-makers can implement pharmacoeconomic principles at a national level in the Arab world.

The budget impact of alteplase in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke in Egypt.

Introduction: Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Five percent of all the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost around the world are attributed to stroke. This study aimed to assess the economic burden of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in Egypt and reveal the benefits of alteplase treatment by measuring the resource use and costs associated with this treatment compared to the standard of care and extrapolate the overall budget impact of alteplase to the local Egyptian setting over a 5-year time horizon from a societal perspective.

Projecting the Potential Budget Impact Analysis of Paliperidone Palmitate in Egyptian Adult Patients with Schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that has greater negative consequences on role functioning than many other severe chronic diseases. We evaluated the economic impact of long-acting injections of paliperidone palmitate (PP) vs daily oral antipsychotics to treat chronic schizophrenia from a societal perspective over a 2-year period. A static budget impact model was developed to compare PP with daily oral antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, and aripiprazole) in the treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Estimation of Prostate Cancer Cost in Egypt From a Societal Perspective.

Introduction: The main objective of this study was to assess the cost of prostate cancer over a 1-year period from a societal perspective.

Methods: We constructed a cost-of-illness model to assess the cost of different health states of prostate cancer, metastatic or nonmetastatic, among Egyptian men. Population data and clinical parameters were extracted from the published literature.

Projecting the potential cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin for chronic kidney disease in Kuwait.

Introduction: In 2019, the prevalence of dialysis in Kuwait were 465 patient/million population, while the annual mortality rate among dialysis patients reached 12%. To improve resource allocation within the health care system, a cost-effectiveness model was conducted from a societal perspective to assess the cost-effectiveness of the use of dapagliflozin as an add-on-therapy against SoC (ramipril) among CKD patients with or without type-2 diabetes over their lifetime.

Methodology: A Markov process model was utilized to assess the cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin + ramipril versus ramipril alone on a cohort of patients with an eGFR of 25 to 75 mL/min/1.

Comparative effects of supplementary different copper forms on performance, protein efficiency, digestibility of nutrients, immune function and architecture of liver and kidney in growing rabbits.

The various sources of supplemented copper had a different impact on the animal performance based on their bioavailability. The current study compared the effects of supplementary copper oxide (CuO), copper acetate (Cu-acetate) and copper nanoparticles (Cu-NP) on performance, immune function, nutrients digestibility and architecture of the liver and kidney of growing rabbits for eight weeks. Sixty rabbits (581 ± 6.

Dapagliflozin cost-effectiveness analysis in heart failure patients in Egypt.

Aims: In Egypt, cardiovascular (CV) diseases are not only the cause of 33% of disability-adjusted life years but are also a leading cause of death. This study aimed to evaluate dapagliflozin's cost-effectiveness as an add-on to the standard of care (SOC) for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-rEF) from the Egyptian healthcare system perspective.

Materials And Methods: A state transition model was utilized to assess the cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin as an add-on to the SOC and a cost-minimization analysis was performed to compare dapagliflozin to sacubitril/valsartan, as they have had similar efficacy.

A budget impact analysis of substituting sitagliptin with liraglutide in type 2 diabetes from a private health insurance perspective in Egypt.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes a sizable burden globally from both health and economic points of view. This study aimed to assess the budget impact of substituting sitagliptin with liraglutide versus other glucose-lowering drugs from the private health insurance perspective in Egypt over a 3-year time horizon.

Methods: Two budget impact models were compared with the standard of care (metformin, pioglitazone, gliclazide, insulin glargine, repaglinide, and empagliflozin) administered in addition to liraglutide or sitagliptin versus the standard of care with placebo.

Cost-Effectiveness of First-Line Cetuximab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: Our objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of first-line cetuximab in relation to primary tumor location and after resection from the perspective of the Saudi healthcare system over a lifetime horizon.

Methods: Two standard partitioned survival models were developed in this study comprising 3 health states in each model. The first model was to simulate outcomes and costs of folinic acid, fluorouracil, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) plus cetuximab compared with FOLFIRI alone in 2 target groups-first, in RAS wild-type left-sided metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and second, in patients administered with 4 cycles of FOLFIRI plus cetuximab, who underwent a resection of liver metastases.

Budget impact analysis of subcutaneous trastuzumab compared to intravenous trastuzumab in Saudi HER2-positive breast cancer patients.

: This study was aimed to assess the budget impact of SC trastuzumab compared to IV trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) from the perspective of the governmental health sector in Saudi Arabia, over a 3-year time horizon.: A model was developed to calculate the direct medical and indirect costs for 394 incidents HER2-positive BC patients per year who would receive SC trastuzumab compared to IV formulation. We calculated drug acquisition costs for fixed, loading, and subsequent doses of trastuzumab.

Productive performance response of growing rabbits to dietary protein reduction and supplementation of pyridoxine, protease, and zinc.

An 8-week experiment was carried out to assess the impact of supplemental dietary pyridoxine (PY), protease (PR), zinc (Zn) and their mixture (MIX) with low protein diet (LP; 14.76% CP) or high protein diet (HP; 18.53% CP) on rabbit growth, feed utilization, and nutrients digestibility.

A budget impact analysis of lenalidomide in multiple myeloma Egyptian patients.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to estimate the budget impact of lenalidomide and dexamethasone (RD) versus bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (VCD) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) and relapsed refractory (RR) MM patients, from the perspective of the Egyptian Ministry of health (MoH).

Methods: Two budget impact dynamic models were conducted to assess the budget impact of RD entry over a 3-year period. The clinical data for the modeled cohorts were based on published articles.