Evaluation of microbiota associated with Herpesviruses in active sites of generalized aggressive periodontitis.

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate microbial patterns associated with disease progression and coinfection by different Herpesviruses in generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP).

Methods: Microbiological samples were obtained from active (AS) and non-active (n-AS) sites in 165 subjects affected by GAP and were analyzed for 40 bacterial species by the Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization technique and for Herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1), Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein Bar virus (EBV) by PCR.Common Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis were applied to disclose specific microbial patterns associated with the three viruses.

Intensity and duration of in-vitro antibacterial activity of different adhesives used in orthodontics.

This work investigated the antibacterial activity of 14 bonding agents to predict their ability to inhibit white-spot development during orthodontic treatment. Standardized, sterilized disks of each material were continuously rinsed (for up to 180 d) in a flow of sterile saline. At predetermined time points, the residual ability of each material to inhibit bacterial growth (determined by measuring the size of inhibition halos around disks placed onto appropriate culture media seeded with Streptococcus gordonii DSM6777, Streptococcus sanguinis DSM20567, Streptococcus mutans DSM20523, or Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM20079) and biofilm formation (determined by measuring the numbers of bacteria adherent to disks following incubation in appropriate broths) was tested in triplicate and compared with the baseline activities of freshly prepared materials.

Adhesion and biofilm formation by periodontopathogenic bacteria on different commercial brackets.

Aim: To compare early bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation of common and uncommon periodontal pathogens on a variety of commercial brackets in vitro.

Materials And Methods: In vitro adhesion and biofilm formation of 4 bacterial strains on 15 different commercial brackets, in standard culture mediums with and without addition of either serum or human saliva was evaluated by quantitative real time PCR after extraction of bacterial DNA.

Results: Materials significantly influenced bacterial adhesiveness in a species-specific way.

Combination therapy including serratiopeptidase improves outcomes of mechanical-antibiotic treatment of periimplantitis.

This study was designed as a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes of cases of periimplantitis treated by mechanical debridement and the administration of antibiotics combined or not with the administration of either the proteolytic enzyme serratiopeptidase (SPEP) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Clinical charts of 544 partially edentulous patients treated for periimplantitis between June 1996 and December 2010 were analyzed to obtain clinical data of the affected implants just before the beginning of treatment and 12 months later to evaluate the outcomes of combined mechanical antibiotic treatment alone or in combination with the co-administration of the anti-inflammatory SPEP or NSAIDs. The comparative analysis revealed that therapeutic outcomes were significantly different in the three groups.

Adhesion and biofilm formation by oral streptococci on different commercial brackets.

Aim: To compare early bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro by different oral streptococci on a variety of commercial brackets.

Methods: Adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro of 6 Streptococcus spp. on 15 different commercial brackets, in standard culture medium and in human saliva were evaluated by the MTT reduction assay.

In vitro adhesion of commensal and pathogenic bacteria to commercial titanium implants with different surfaces.

Although dental implants have undergone impressive evolution in recent years, periimplantitis still remains a relevant problem and information on the susceptibility of commercial implants to bacterial colonization is insufficient. This work evaluated the susceptibility of different commercial implants to bacterial colonization, to identify key features for good performances. Twenty-four implants, produced with different technologies, were colonized with 9 bacterial strains following pre-conditioning with culture medium, or saliva or serum proteins and adherent bacteria were enumerated by Real Time quantitative PCR.

Influence of oral conditions on colonization by highly toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains.

Objectives: As the oral cavity is regarded as a relevant site for Staphylococcus aureus colonization and interhuman transmission, this study aimed to investigate whether different oral conditions influence the rates of S. aureus oral carriage and genetic characters of S. aureus isolates.

Microbiological and host factors are involved in promoting the periodontal failure of metaloceramic crowns.

This study was aimed at looking into the microbiological/inflammatory parameters predicting the periodontal success/failure of fixed prostheses. Microbiological and inflammatory patterns were studied at 102 sites having metaloceramic crowns in place from 3 to 6 years and divided in healthy sites (HS), gingivitis affected (MG), and periodontitis affected (PB). Total bacterial flora and selected indicator species in subgingival plaque were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR.

Effectiveness of a glutaraldehyde formulation in decontamination of dental unit water systems.

Aim: Dental-medical devices may transmit infections caused by bacteria that are usually found in water distribution systems, and which are difficult to treat and control. High bacterial contamination in the water systems of dental units is due to the presence of biofilm inside the pipes. Our study evaluated the efficacy of glutaraldehyde formulated with quarternary ammonium salts (Sanicide T4) examined in a previous study, employing a series of assays to confirm or otherwise the results obtained previously.

[Set up of in vitro methods able to detect the safety of astringent liquids].

Aim: Most of dental operators agree about a gengival retraction impregnated cord in order to obtain an accurate and overwide dental impression. Hemostatic agents allow the formation of the primary coagulum that determines/causes the retraction of gum connective. Sometimes these astringent liquids cause local inflammation reaction as reported in literature.

[Decontamination of dental unit waterlines using disinfectants and filters].

Bacterial contamination of the dental unit water system can become a health problem for patients, particularly if they are immunodepressed. The present study has had the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of methods of chemical decontamination using different disinfectants (peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, silver salts, chloramine T, glutaraldehyde T4) and methods of physical decontamination using synthetic membranes for the filtration of water. A preliminary removal procedure of the biofilm present in the waterline has been followed in a dental unit prepared on purpose for the research; subsequently different 2-week long maintenance procedures were applied using disinfectants injected by a pump and finally the bacterial contamination of the water flowing from the waterline was evaluated.

[Environmental monitoring of infective risks in Italian dental offices].

Background: Bacterial contamination in dental offices plays a primary role in the evaluation of infective risks for patients and dental personnel. The aim of the research was to study bacterial contamination in eight Italian dental offices by investigating the water of dental units, the air and certain surfaces (push-button panel and instrument cabinet) in order to evaluate potential risks in dental practices.

Methods: The water underwent a microbiological test as specified by Italian law (DPR 236/88).

Evaluation of the clastogenic activity of some resins used in the prosthodontic field.

Background: Dental materials, in particular resins used in prosthetic, orthodontic, conservative and gnathological dentistry, are frequently in long-term contact with the tissues of the mouth, and the chronic exposure to these products of a significant proportion of the population means that the release of genotoxic substances by dental resins must be evaluated.

Methods: For this purpose, ten methyl metacrylate-based resins, both cold- and hot-polymerising and all of frequent use in clinical practice, were prepared following the indications in Standard UNI 9582-2 now included in Standard ISO 10993. Genotoxicity was evaluated through the Tradescantia/micronuclei test.

[Dose and exposure reduction in endodontic radiology through the use of new filters].

In this study the authors discuss parameters which influence the emission spectrum of x-rays and criteria that have an influence on their distribution (anode current, tension), and they draw attention to the materials most frequently used for filter construction-niobium in particular. The authors conducted a clinical study to verify whether the use of a niobium filter mounted on an x-ray machine would decrease the amount of exposure to the patient and give a higher quality image as well, because of decreased radium diffusion which consequently diminishes the risk to the operators.