Prevalence of Fatty Pancreas and its relation with anthropometric values on the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study.

Objective: Nonalcoholic Fatty Pancreas Disease (NAFPD) is characterized by excessive lipid accumulation within the pancreas in the absence of alcohol intake, potentially leading to pancreatic dysfunction and metabolic complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, acute and chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic carcinoma. The authors aim to estimate the prevalence of NAFPD and its association with anthropometric parameters in a cohort of Chilean adolescents.

Method: The authors conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the "Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study" (GOCS), a longitudinal study involving nearly 1000 children, followed yearly since 2006.

Growth patterns in infants born to women with pregestational overweight/obesity supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid during pregnancy.

Background: Previous studies of maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy have controversial and contrasting results on the short and long-term effects on early child growth. The impact of this nutritional intervention on the postnatal growth patterns in the offspring of women with pregestational overweight/obesity (PGO) also remains controversial.

Objective: To analyze the postnatal growth patterns during the first 4 months of life in the offspring of women with PGO randomly supplemented with 800 mg/day (PGO-800) compared with normative doses of 200 mg/day (PGO-200) of DHA during pregnancy (<15 weeks of gestation until delivery).

Genetic determinants of serum bilirubin using inferred native American gene variants in Chilean adolescents.

Gene variants in the gene are strongly associated with circulating bilirubin levels in several populations, as well as other variants of modest effect across the genome. However, the effects of such variants are unknown regarding the Native American ancestry of the admixed Latino population. Our objective was to assess the Native American genetic determinants of serum bilirubin in Chilean admixed adolescents using the local ancestry deconvolution approach.

[Severe acute pancreatitis secondary to hypertriglyceridemia as the onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the pediatric age].

Unlabelled: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG)-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) secondary to insulin deficiency following the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a rare but serious complication in children.

Objective: To describe the diagnosis and treatment of severe HTG and to emphasize the need for timely diagnosis of T1DM.

Clinical Case: A 15-year-old female adolescent with a history of overweight presented with a two-weeks history of fever, anorexia, and diffuse abdominal pain.

Relation between Body Composition Trajectories from Childhood to Adolescence and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Risk.

NAFLD has become the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children, as a direct consequence of the high prevalence of childhood obesity. This study aimed to characterize body composition trajectories from childhood to adolescence and their association with the risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) during adolescence. The participants were part of the 'Chilean Growth and Obesity Cohort Study', comprising 784 children who were followed prospectively from age 3 years.

Fructose, Omega 3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin E: Involvement in Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common form of liver disease in both adults and children, becoming the leading cause for liver transplant in many countries. Its prevalence has increased considerably in recent years, mainly due to the explosive increase in pediatric obesity rates. NAFLD is strongly associated with central obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, and it has been considered as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome.

Early Obesity: Risk Factor for Fatty Liver Disease.

Unlabelled: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined as fat accumulation greater than 5% in hepatocytes, may progress to fibrosis or cirrhosis later in life. NAFLD prevalence in adolescents has increased significantly in direct relation with obesity prevalence. Fatty liver has become the most frequent indication for liver transplantation in adults.

[High frequency of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with Down Syndrome].

Unlabelled: Down Syndrome (DS) shows an increased risk of chronic diseases, associated to higher morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular disease. Some studies have shown a worse lipid profile in children with DS, however, until now there is no recommendation for screening for dyslipidemia in these subjects.

Objective: To describe the frequency of dyslipidemia in a population of Chilean children and adolescents with DS.

Long-term effects of adenotonsillectomy in children with obstructive sleep apnoea: protocol for a systematic review.

Introduction: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most important anatomical factor associated with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends adenotonsillectomy as the first line of treatment. AT can reduce the apnoea hypopnoea index; however, its effect on long-term outcomes remains unclear.

[High rates of overweight and obesity in Chilean children with Down syndrome].

Background: Overweight and obesity in Down syndrome (DS) is a common problem. Chile has a high prevalence of DS.

Aim: To determine overweight and obesity rates in students with DS and evaluate the concordance of three different growth charts.

[Evaluation of a nutritional intervention to reduce cholesterol levels in patients with coronary artery disease].

Background: The mainstay of cholesterol reduction therapy is the diet. But the lack of compliance and prescription problems limit its usefulness.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention given by a nutritionist with the usual recommendations given by a physician to reduce the LDL cholesterol levels in patients with coronary artery disease, treated at the Regional public hospital in Temuco.